漓江流域典型岩溶生态系统的自然特征差异

对漓江流域两种典型岩溶生态系统---典型峰林平原与典型峰丛洼地的自然特征研究对比表明,两者的差异集中体现在岩溶形态(包括石峰与洞穴)、地势分布、水文网、土壤与植被、洪水灾害与系统输入输出功能等方面,其中岩溶形态、地势分布、可开发利用的水资源与土地资源是两种系统存在显著差异的关键因素。典型峰林平原地势平坦开阔,外源水来源丰富,地下水分布均匀,土层成因多、分布广,具有城市发展、人群集聚的良好基础条件,但洪水灾害、枯季缺水、地面塌陷是影响社会发展的自然环境问题;典型峰丛洼地山地多,地势高,缺乏外源水,地下水埋藏深,土地资源贫乏,导致生境条件恶劣,不适于人群集聚,自然村落发展条件处于明显劣势。

Differences of natural characteristics between two typical karst ecosystems in Lijiang River Basin

By comparing the natural characteristics between two karst ecosystems,i.e.,typical peak forest plains and typical peak cluster depressions in Lijiang River basin of Guilin in China,their differences focus on karst forms,hypsographic features,hydrologic net,soil and vegetation,flood disaster,and system in-out function etc.Among them,karst forms,hypsographic features,exploitable and usable water and land resources are key factors that lead to differences between the two systems.Because of flat and wide terrain,abundant exogenous water and fertile soil,typi-cal peak cluster is of suitable foundation for urban development and population agglomeration.However,flood disaster,lack of surface water in dry season and surface collapse form environ-mental problems to social development.In the other way round,typical peak cluster depressions are characterized by numerous mountains,high terrains,deficient exogenous water,deep buried groundwater and infertile land.These features lead to poor living environment unsuitable for pop-ulation agglomeration.Natural villages are difficult to develop in the typical peak cluster depres-sions.