浅论云南野生蕈菌资源及其利用

云南野生蕈菌物种资源十分丰富,据初步统计仅野生食用菌就有约600种,其中目前具有重要经济、开发价值的有近60种,滇南、滇中和滇北都有可重点开发的种类,这些野生食用菌是云南各族人民物质生活中依赖的重要自然资源之一,在改善膳食结构和发展经济中,起着不可忽视的作用。为有效保护和持续利用云南野生蕈菌资源,在开发该省野生食用菌资源时,应重视发展野生食用菌深加工工业,提高产品的附加值;此外,人工促繁、优良菌种的引入和利用乡土菌种选育新品种,是持续发展的重要方面。云南的毒蘑菇,特别是剧毒菌,如灰花纹鹅膏和欧氏鹅膏的资源利用潜力较大,应重视此类毒菌毒素的研究和利用。

On wild mushroom resources and their utilization in Yunnan Province, Southwest China

Yunnan is very rich in wild mushroom resources.About 600species of wild edible mushrooms occur in the province.Among them nearly60species can be exploited presently on commercial scale.Noteworthy,various species of wild edible mushrooms occur in southern,central and northern parts of the province,thus people in different regions can use different resources.These wild edible mushrooms serve as one of the important natural resources on which people of all nationalities there rely,and play a certain role in improving the food structure and economic development.In order to rationally utilize and effectively conserve Yunnan's wild mushroom resources,it is necessary to develop mushroom deep-process industry,and to make fine products with high quality and value.Artificial improvement of ectomycorrhizal mushroom fruiting,introducing good strains as well as selecting new strains by using local wild mushrooms are important measures for sustainable development.Poisonous mushrooms especially the lethal ones,such as Amanita fuliginea and A.oberwinklerana,have relative great potential usage due to their poisonous chemical constituents,which should be studied further.