老年人群下肢动脉疾病调查及社区护理干预

目的 了解本地区60岁以上老年人群下肢动脉疾病的流行病学情况,探索以社区为基础的护理干预防控.方法 对顺德区容桂街道整群随机抽取3个居村60岁以上人群,共有1 679人接受调查并进行分析性研究.结果 不同性别老年人比较:男性老年人腰围、腰臀比、舒张压、吸烟率和饮酒率明显高于女性,而总胆固醇、三酰甘油、原发性高血压发病率明显低于女性,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);下肢动脉疾病组与非下肢动脉疾病组比较:两组年龄、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、吸烟、原发性高血压发病率、糖尿病发病率方面差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多因素回归分析示:预测总人群下肢动脉疾病风险的因素是年龄、性别、收缩压、吸烟、腰围、糖尿病.结论 本地区60岁以上人群下肢动脉疾病的发病率12.2%,在国内属中等流行发病水平.其下肢动脉疾病风险的因素大多属社区护理可控因素.实施社区护理干预有效降低心脑血管事件的发生,为本地区老年人群下肢动脉疾病的防控提供指导和借鉴.

Investigation of Lower Extremity Arterial Disease and Its Community Care Intervention in Old Residents

Objective To investigate prevalence of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) of people aged over 60 in local region,and explore a community based care intervention for its control.Methods Totally 1 679 residents aged≥60 years from 3 villages of Ronggui community were investigated by cluster random sampling.Results The levels of waist circumference (WC),waist hip ratio,diastolic blood pressure (DBP),smoking rate,and drinking rate in old male residents were significantly higher than those in old female residents;and the contents of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride,prevalence of essential hypertension were significantly lower in male than those in female (P＜0.05).The differences were statistically significant between LEAD group and non-LEAD group in age,systolic blood pressure (SBP),DBP,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),smoking,prevalence of essential hypertension and diabetes (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that factors such as age,gender,SBP,smoking,WC,diabetes were the risk factors to forecast LEAD.LEAD prevalence of people over 60 in local community was 12.2%,belonging to moderate prevailing level in China.Conclusion The risk factors for LEAD are mostly controllable in community care.The performance of community care intervention can effectively reduce accident of cerebrovascular diseases and thus provide reference for control of LEAD in the local old residents.