益生菌联合肠内营养对急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群及外周血miR-155的影响

目的 探讨益生菌联合肠内营养对急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群及外周血miR-155的影响。 方法 选取2016年6月至2018年12月河北医科大学第二医院消化内科收治的92例急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象，根据随机数字表法分为观察组（n=46）和对照组（n=46），对照组在常规治疗基础上给予肠内营养治疗，观察组在对照组基础上给予双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片，观察两组患者治疗前后肠道菌群、炎性介质及血清miR-155变化，比较两组患者治疗后胃肠道功能恢复情况。结果 治疗后，观察组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌增加数量，肠球菌、大肠埃希菌减少数量，血清CRP、IL-6、IL-17、TNF-α、miR-155降低水平均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组患者胃肠生活质量量表（GIQLI）评分高于对照组，腹胀消失时间、腹痛消失时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、血清淀粉酶恢复正常时间均少于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 益生菌联合肠内营养治疗急性胰腺炎可调节肠道菌群平衡，降低血清miR-155水平，缓解炎性反应，促进肠道功能恢复。     

Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the humoral and cellular response of mice to vaccines

The effect of Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the humoral and cellular response of mice to the simultaneous inoculation of a tetravalent E. coli bacterin and a viable vaccine against Canine Parvovirus is reported. Thirty-six isogenic BALB-c female mice, seven weeks old, were vaccinated with 1/20th of the dose used for pigs and dogs, respectively, and randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 received non-supplemented feed, group 2 was supplemented with S. boulardii, and group 3 with Bacillus cereus var. toyoi. The humoral response was quantified through ELISAs using specific antigens, and the cellular response quantifying IL-4 and IFNg through ELISA. Means of seroconversions to the bacterin were always higher in supplemented mice than in controls, varying from 1.6-1.8 for group 2 and from 1.2-1.4 for group 3. Seroconversions against Parvovirus for group 2 were 5.2-12 times higher, and those of group 3 were 6.8-9.1 times higher than those of controls. IL-4 was produced by spleen cells of S. boulardii supplemented mice stimulated with E. coli fimbriae.     

慢性肾脏病与肠道菌群相关性研究进展概述

中国慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)发病率高,呈逐年增长趋势,目前尚无根治手段,积极探索CKD进展的危险因素是目前肾脏病领域的研究重点。近年越来越多学者指出,肠道菌群变化与CKD发生发展存在一定相关性,肠道微生态平衡对人体健康有着举足轻重的作用,而CKD患者肠道黏膜受损后可引起肠道菌群紊乱,继发肠源性毒素堆积,加重CKD进展;本文就目前国内外有关CKD与肠道菌群研究进行概述,进一步探讨以调节肠道菌群紊乱作为CKD防治新靶点的可能性。     

Potential preventive strategies and therapies in urinary tract infection

There are perhaps five strategies either presently advocated or under investigation for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI): antibiotics, including natural peptides; functional foods; vaccines; probiotics; and miscellaneous, including avoidance of spermicides and maintenance of good hygiene. It is not possible to state the proportion of patients using antibiotics versus foods such as cranberry or using alternative approaches such as avoidance of spermicides. The majority of women who are referred to specialists will be prescribed long-term, low-dose antibiotics. However, given the magnitude of the problem, it is safe to state that large numbers of women are at least experimenting with alternative remedies such as drinking of cranberry juice or ingestion of herbal remedies with a view to enhancing their immune response. Vaccine development remains a long way from human use and has yet to be developed for organisms other than Escherichia coli. The use of probiotics to restore the normal vaginal flora and provide a competitive bacterial barrier to pathogens is close to becoming available as an alternative preventive approach. The next decade should see the introduction of new methods for reduction of the high incidence of UTI and better management of recurring urogenital infections.     

益阳汤结合益生菌及美沙拉嗪治疗溃疡性肠炎的临床分析

目的观察益阳汤结合益生菌、美沙拉嗪治疗溃疡性肠炎的临床疗效。方法对我院2015年8月~2016年10月期间所收治的136例溃疡性肠炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,按照患者治疗方式的不同将其分为研究组与对照组,每组68例,对照组患者应用美沙拉嗪与益生菌联合治疗,研究组在此基础上加用益阳汤治疗,对比分析两组患者的临床疗效、用药时间、症状消失时间和不良反应发生情况,并对两组患者的炎症因子水平进行比较。结果研究组患者的临床总有效率(94.12%)明显高于对照组(82.35%),不良反应发生率(4.41%)低于对照组(20.59%),研究组治疗后的各项炎症因子水平也均优于对照组,且研究组用药时间[(9.52±2.18)d]与症状消失时间[(5.01±1.12)d]均短于对照组[(14.89±2.03)d、(9.23±1.56)d],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论益阳汤结合益生菌、美沙拉嗪治疗溃疡性肠炎的临床效果远高于单纯应用西药治疗的效果,中西医结合治疗手段能够有效改善患者的临床症状,缩短患者的用药时间,且具有不良反应少的优势,值得临床应用。     

Lyophilised Vegetal BM 297 ATO-Inulin lipid-based synbiotic microparticles containing Bifidobacterium longum LMG 13197: design and characterisation

Abstract

This study aimed at the manufacturing and characterisation of Vegetal BM 297 ATO-inulin-Bifidobacterium longum LMG 13197 microparticles prepared by freeze drying. Emulsions containing 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3.5% or 5% w/v inulin were prepared, with or without centrifugation before freeze drying. Morphological properties, particle size distribution, encapsulation efficiency of the microparticles and their ability to preserve viability of the enclosed B. longum LMG 13197 cells were evaluated. The microparticles produced from both formulations without a centrifugation step were irregular, porous with concavities and contained high number of bacterial cells. Formulations with or without inulin had average particle sizes of 33.4–81.0?μm with encapsulation efficiencies of 82% and 88%, respectively. Vegetal-inulin microparticles have the morphology and size that will enable their even distribution in final food products, and hence, they have the potential for use as a functional food additive because they are likely to deliver sufficient numbers of viable bacteria.     

益生菌对重症感染性肺炎病儿血糖的稳定作用及其机制研究

目的:探讨益生菌对重症感染性肺炎病儿血糖水平的调节及作用机制。方法:前瞻性纳入重症感染性肺炎病儿80例,随机分为两组,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组采用常规治疗加用益生菌。两组病儿分别于入组当天和治疗第8天监测血糖浓度,并测定血浆硫化氢(H2S)、D-乳酸以及粪便短链脂肪酸(乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸)水平,同时观察两组病儿的血糖变化、波动情况和预后,并进行分析。结果:两组病儿入组当天的各项指标均无显著性差异(P0.05)。治疗第8天时,治疗组病儿血浆H2S浓度和粪便中乙酸、正丁酸水平明显高于对照组(P0.05);同时,治疗组病儿血浆D-乳酸浓度也较对照组明显降低(P0.05)。治疗第8天,治疗组病儿的血糖水平和高波动比例显著低于对照组(32.5%)(P0.05)。治疗组病儿的临床治愈率也明显高于对照组。而且血糖浓度与H2S、乙酸水平呈明显负相关,与D-乳酸浓度呈显著正相关(P0.05)。结论:重症感染性肺炎病儿应用益生菌可调整肠道菌群结构,加强肠道屏障功能,增加血浆H2S的浓度,调节和稳定血糖水平,并改善临床预后。     

Effects of a synbiotic on symptoms,and daily functioning in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – A double-blind randomized controlled trial

Some prebiotics and probiotics have been proposed to improve psychiatric symptoms in children with autism. However, few studies were placebo-controlled, and there is no study on persons with an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. Our aim was to study effects of Synbiotic 2000 on psychiatric symptoms and functioning in children and adults with ADHD without an autism diagnosis. Children and adults (n = 182) with an ADHD diagnosis completed the nine weeks randomized double-blind parallel placebo-controlled trial examining effects of Synbiotic 2000 on the primary endpoints ADHD symptoms, autism symptoms and daily functioning, and the secondary endpoint emotion regulation, measured using the questionnaires SNAP-IV, ASRS, WFIRS, SCQ, AQ and DERS-16. Levels at baseline of plasma C-reactive protein and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), central to leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion facilitating inflammatory responses in tissues, were measured using Meso Scale Discovery. Synbiotic 2000 and placebo improved ADHD symptoms equally well, and neither active treatment nor placebo had any statistically significant effect on functioning or sub-diagnostic autism symptoms. However, Synbiotic 2000, specifically, reduced sub-diagnostic autism symptoms in the domain restricted, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors in children, and improved emotion regulation in the domain of goal-directed behavior in adults. In children with elevated sVCAM-1 levels at baseline as well as in children without ADHD medication, Synbiotic 2000 reduced both the total score of autism symptoms, and the restricted, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. In adults with elevated sVCAM-1 at baseline, Synbiotic 2000 significantly improved emotion regulation, both the total score and four of the five subdomains. To conclude, while no definite Synbiotic 2000-specific effect was detected, the analysis of those with elevated plasma sVCAM-1 levels proposed a reduction of autism symptoms in children and an improvement of emotion regulation in adults with ADHD.Trial registration number: ISRCTN57795429.