p-Amino salicylic acid — oxidized cellulose system: a model for long term drug delivery

The immobilization of p-amino salicylic acid (PASA) on periodic oxidized cellulose (O.C) as a biocompatible carrier was investigated. The immobilization of the PASA is based on Schiff's base formation between the amino group of PASA and the aldehyde group of O.C. The in vivo and in vitro release of p-amino salicylic acid was studied. Such a system may be useful for the sustained delivery of the drugs in the body, since O.C. itself is a biosoluble carrier.     

HA/PDLLA复合材料的体内成骨过程研究

目的研究HA／PDLLA复合材料植入体内后与细胞、组织的相互作用，探讨HA／PDLLA复合材料在体内的成骨过程，为其临床应用及设计具有生物功能的人工骨替换材料和骨组织工程支架材料提供依据。方法采用液相吸附法制备了HA／PDLLA复合材料，以纯PDLLA和空白组进行对照，进行体内植入实验，通过组织学观察和四环素标记考察其成骨过程。结果HA／PDLLA复合材料植入机体后，体内的无菌性炎症轻微，新骨形成速率高于PDLLA材料。HA微粒的存在，加强了复合材料的机械强度，使之可以避免过早的丧失力学强度。第24w时，材料被组织分隔包裹，新生骨组织长入材料，骨愈合情况良好。结论HA／PDLLA复合材料具有良好的生物相容性、生物降解性能、生物学活性和骨传导性能。     

Biodegradation studies on periodate oxidized cellulose

Sodium periodate oxidized cellulose was found to degrade into small molecules when implanted subcutaneously in rats. Thus the potentiality of using oxidized cellulose as a biodegradable drug carrier is envisaged.     

聚膦腈在药物控释系统中的应用

聚膦腈由于其具有良好的生物相容性,可生物降解性及易于功能化的特性而成为一类独特的药物控释材料。本文就疏水性线型聚膦腈,聚膦腈水凝胶及聚膦腈高分子药物在药物控释系统中的应用作一简要综述。     

Synthesis and properties of biodegradable poly(ester-urethane)s based on poly(ε-caprolactone) and aliphatic diurethane diisocyanate for long-term implant application: effect of uniform-size hard segment content

Abstract

In this article, a series of medical poly(ester-urethane)s (PEUs) with varying uniform-size hard segment content were prepared via one-step chain extension of poly(ε-caprolactone)s with aliphatic urethane diisocyanate, and the corresponding films were obtained by solvent evaporation technique. The chemical structures of polymers were confirmed by ¹H NMR, FT-IR and GPC. The effect of uniform-size hard segment content on the physicochemical properties of PEU films, including thermal properties, mechanical properties, crystallization behavior, water-swelling behavior and in vitro degradability, was extensively researched. The PEU films exhibiting similar thermal transition and thermal stability indicated that the uniform-size hard segment content had little effect on the thermal properties. Two obvious glass transition temperatures observed in DSC curves manifested a microphase separation structure, which endowed the PEU films excellent mechanical properties with ultimate stress of 34.6–51.2?MPa and strain at break of 898–1485%. And with the increase of uniform-size hard segment content, the initial modulus and ultimate stress increased, while the strain at break decreased. Due to the compact physical-linking network structure formed by the denser hydrogen bonds, the PEU films exhibited low water-swellability of less than 1.5?wt% and low degradation rate in vitro. The weight loss of the PEU films in degradation test was less than 1?wt% at the first four months and the time of films becoming fragments was more than 15?months. Cytotoxicity test of film extracts was conducted with L929 mouse fibroblasts, and the relative growth rate approached or exceeded 75%, indicating an acceptable cytocompatibility. For the excellent mechanical properties, slow biodegradability, non-toxic degradation products and adequate cytocompatibility, the PEUs containing uniform-size hard segments possess a high potential to be applied as long-term implant biomaterials.     

Biodegradation of L-Valine Alkyl Ester Ibuprofenates by Bacterial Cultures

Nowadays, we consume very large amounts of medicinal substances. Medicines are used to cure, halt, or prevent disease, ease symptoms, or help in the diagnosis of illnesses. Some medications are used to treat pain. Ibuprofen is one of the most popular drugs in the world (it ranks third). This drug enters our water system through human pharmaceutical use. In this article, we describe and compare the biodegradation of ibuprofen and ibuprofen derivatives—salts of L-valine alkyl esters. Biodegradation studies of ibuprofen and its derivatives have been carried out with activated sludge. The structure modifications we received were aimed at increasing the biodegradation of the drug used. The influence of the alkyl chain length of the ester used in the biodegradation of the compound was also verified. The biodegradation results correlated with the lipophilic properties (log P).     

Bilastine: an environmental risk assessment

Context: Bilastine is a new oral selective, non-sedating histamine H₁ antagonist for the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria. The European Medicines Agency requires an Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) for all novel medicines for human use. Objective: To calculate the bilastine predicted environmental concentration in surface water (PEC_sw; phase I ERA), and to determine the effects of bilastine on aquatic systems (phase II [tier A]). Materials and methods: Bilastine PEC_sw was calculated using the maximum daily dosage (20?mg), assuming that all administered bilastine was released into the aquatic environment. A persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity assessment was conducted using the log K_ow from the molecular structure. In phase II (tier A), a ready biodegradability test was performed, and bilastine’s potential toxicity to various aquatic and sediment-dwelling micro-organisms was evaluated. Results: Bilastine PEC_SW was calculated as 0.1?μg?L^?1, and the compound was not readily biodegradable. Bilastine had no significant effects on Chironomus riparius midges, or on the respiration rate of activated sludge. For green algae, the bilastine no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was 22?mg?L^?1; bilastine had no effect on zebra fish development, or on the reproduction rate of daphnids. Discussion: Bilastine NOEC values against zebra fish, algae, daphnids, and aerobic organisms in activated sludge were at least 130?000-fold greater than the calculated PEC_SW value. Conclusion: No environmental concerns exist from bilastine use in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or urticaria.     

高温高压对壳聚糖／甘油磷酸钠温敏凝胶释药性能的影响

目的：研究高温高压后的壳聚糖／甘油磷酸钠凝胶温敏、释药性能。方法：观察不同比例的壳聚糖和甘油磷酸钠混合液的凝胶时间、pH值变化。粘度测试比较不同比例壳聚糖／甘油磷酸钠混合液粘度变化。在37℃形成凝胶后,观察该体系作为奥硝唑药物模型载体的释药性能。结果：随着壳聚糖／甘油磷酸钠混合液中甘油磷酸钠的比例增加,溶液pH值增加,在37℃下,壳聚糖／甘油磷酸钠凝胶时间缩短,但当壳聚糖／甘油磷酸比例为2：1、1：1时,溶液不凝胶。粘度实验表明,4种比例（9：1、8：1、7：1、6：1）壳聚糖／甘油磷酸溶液随着时间增加,粘度明显增加,到10 min后粘度基本不变化,9：1比例组粘度最大为（53±0．9）Pa·s。药物释放实验表明,以奥硝唑为释药模型,该凝胶可持续释放200 min以上。结论：改进消毒方法后的壳聚糖／甘油磷酸钠,增加甘油磷酸钠比例可以提高溶液pH值,可在37℃下快速形成凝胶。该凝胶具有温敏性,具有缓慢释放药物能力。     

O3/UV和O3/H2O2氧化法处理聚丙烯酰胺采油废水

为降低油田采油废水的化学需氧量（COD）负荷,提高其可生化性,采用O₃/UV和O₃/H₂O₂氧化法对聚丙烯酰胺采油废水进行处理,分别考察了氧化时间、H₂O₂与O₃物质的量之比、pH以及紫外灯功率对采油废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,与采用单独臭氧氧化相比,O₃/UV以及O₃/H₂O₂联用技术对采油废水中的COD及聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）的去除效果更为显著,废水可生化性均有所提高,且O₃/H₂O₂氧化法对采油废水的可生化性提高程度更大。O₃/UV氧化法对于聚丙烯酰胺采油废水可生化性影响的最佳条件为：pH=8.0,O₃质量浓度为19.7 mg/L,紫外灯功率为18 W,氧化时间为30 min,可生化性（B/C）提高至0.092;O₃/H₂O₂氧化法对于聚丙烯酰胺采油废水可生化性影响的最佳条件为：pH=8.0,O₃质量浓度为19.7 mg/L,H₂O₂与O₃物质的量之比为0.3,氧化时间为30 min,B/C提高至0.175。氧化预处理提高了废水的可生化性,减轻了后续生化处理压力。     

可完全生物降解材料聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸复合壳聚糖在人工心血管支架制备中的应用

裸金属支架（bare metal stents,BMS）和涂层支架（drug eluting stents,DES）介入治疗冠心病已在临床广泛应用,但由于金属支架的异物刺激或携带药物的干扰容易引起支架内再狭窄和血管栓塞,由聚酯、聚碳酸酐及聚磷酸酯等高分子材料制备的完全可生物降解吸收支架及药物洗脱支架应运而生。目前由共聚物材料制备的人工心血管植入支架的安全性、组织及血液相容性已得到证实,然而这些支架具有各自的问题,如降解的速度、材料的柔韧度、硬度以及支撑力不均一等,尚不能满足实际应用的要求。本文就聚乳酸（polylactic acid,PLA）、聚羟基乙酸（polyglycolic acid,PGA）和壳聚糖在人工冠脉血管支架制备中的应用现状及研发方向予以综述。