Comparison of the effects of acarbose and metformin use on ovulation rates in clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of metformin and acarbose on insulin resistance, hormone profiles and ovulation rates in patients with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Thirty clomiphene citrate-resistant patients were selected randomly and divided into two groups. Group I was treated with 100 mg/day clomiphene citrate and 300 mg/day acarbose 100 mg/day orally, for 3 months. Group II was treated with clomiphene citrate 100 mg/day and metformin 1700 mg/day orally, for 3 months. Serum fasting insulin and glucose, FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, prolactin and total testosterone levels plus body mass index (BMI) were measured before and after treatment. Follicle growth was followed by transvaginal ultrasonography. RESULTS: LH:FSH ratio and total testosterone concentrations decreased (P<0.05) and ovulation rates increased in both groups. Reduction in weight and BMI was only significant in the acarbose group. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatment modalities were effective in the treatment of insulin resistance and improving ovulation rates. Increase in the number of eumenorrhoeic and normoinsulinaemic cases and decrease in the number of insulin-resistant cases were significant in both groups (P<0.05). Ovulation rate was greater in the metformin group in the second month of therapy (P<0.05). Acarbose was found to be a safe and effective agent that could be used in cases with clomiphene-resistant PCOS.     

甘精胰岛素、阿卡波糖与盐酸贝那普利联合治疗2型糖尿病早期肾病的临床观察

目的：观察甘精胰岛素、阿卡波糖与盐酸贝那普利联合治疗2型糖尿病早期肾病的临床疗效。方法：将62例2型糖尿病合并糖尿病肾病Ⅲ期患者用甘精胰岛素作为基础量使空腹血糖达标,三餐时联合阿卡波糖口服控制餐后血糖,辅以盐酸贝那普利治疗,观察治疗前后血糖、血压及尿白蛋白／肌酐的变化。结果：经甘精胰岛素、阿卡波糖治疗后空腹和餐后2h血糖明显下降,联合盐酸贝那普利治疗可改善胰岛素抵抗,并使UAER明显下降。结论：甘精胰岛素作为基础量、联合阿卡波糖控制血糖,辅以盐酸贝那普利口服是治疗2型糖尿病合并早期糖尿病肾病的方法之一,疗效肯定,无低血糖发生。     

阿卡波糖联合甘精胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病效果的Meta分析

目的:系统评价阿卡波糖联合甘精胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病的效果。方法:系统检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库中关于使用阿卡波糖联合甘精胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病病人的随机对照试验,检索时间为建库至2020年4月1日。按照纳入及排除标准筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入文献的方法学质量。采用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入21项研究,Meta分析结果显示:阿卡波糖联合甘精胰岛素可以降低2型糖尿病病人空腹血糖[MD=-0.98,95%CI(-1.27,-0.70),P<0.00001]、餐后2 h血糖[MD=-1.10,95%CI(-1.47,-0.72),P<0.00001]及糖化血红蛋白[SMD=-0.97,95%CI(-1.30,-0.65),P<0.00001]。结论:现有证据表明阿卡波糖联合甘精胰岛素可降低2型糖尿病病人空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖及糖化血红蛋白。     

Effect of Acarbose on Vascular Disease in Patients with Abnormal Glucose Tolerance

INTRODUCTION: Excessive postprandial (pp) glucose excursion in people with IGT and type 2 diabetes is associated with a cascade of proatherogenic events. Acarbose, a potent competitive inhibitor of alpha-glucosidases of the small intestine specifically reduces pp hyperglycemia with an average reduction of HbA1c by 0.8% in Cochrane metaanalysis. This is associated with pleiotropic effects on a broad spectrum of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors: reduction of overweight, lowering of blood pressure, triglycerides, hsCRP, fibrinogen and other biomarkers of low grade inflammation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Flow mediated vasodilation was improved and progression of intima media thickness was reduced by acarbose. In the STOP-NIDDM trial in people with IGT acarbose decreased the incidence of diabetes by 36%. The STOP-NIDDM trial with CV events as secondary objective is the only intervention trial in people with IGT so far with a significant benefit for CV disease inclusive hypertension. In a metaanalysis of controlled studies (MeRIA) in patients with type 2 diabetes, treatment with acarbose was associated with a 64% lower rate of myocardial infarction and 35% less CV events. CONCLUSION: Thus results so far available prove that acarbose is an effective and safe drug to treat abnormal glucose tolerance. They suggest that acarbose can help to control a broad spectrum of CV risk factors and may prevent CV disease.     

阿卡波糖对2型糖尿病合并冠心病病人餐后代谢和内皮功能的影响

目的 :研究阿卡波糖对 2型糖尿病合并冠心病病人餐后代谢及内皮功能的影响。方法 :6 0例2型糖尿病合并冠心病病人分为 2组 ,治疗组予格列齐特和阿卡波糖口服 ;对照组予格列齐特口服 ,疗程均为 6wk。结果 :治疗后 ,2组空腹血糖、餐后 2h血糖、餐后 4h三酰甘油均明显下降 ,治疗组下降幅度较大。治疗组一氧化氮从 (76±s 31) μmol·L- 1上升至 (12 3± 6 0 ) μmol·L- 1,内皮素从 (71± 2 2 )ng·L- 1下降至 (5 4± 2 3)ng·L- 1,与对照组相比差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,内皮依赖性血管舒张功能亦改善。结论 :阿卡波糖可以改善 2型糖尿病合并冠心病病人餐后代谢及内皮功能。     

Miglitol,a new α-glucosidase inhibitor

Miglitol (Bay m 1099, Bayer) is a second generation α-glucosidase inhibitor. It is a derivative of 1-desoxynojirimycin, and binds reversibly to the brushborder α-glucosidase enzymes. In contrast to its parent drug (acarbose, Bay g 5421, Bayer), miglitol is almost completely absorbed in the small intestine. It has to be taken with each main meal, and through its effect on carbohydrate digestion it blunts the postprandial blood glucose increase. Miglitol has no or a very small effect on fasting blood glucose levels. The blood-glucose lowering effects of miglitol in patients with Type 2 diabetes are lower than those of the frequently-used sulphonylurea compounds. Long-term studies show that a moderate average reduction of HbA1c of 0.3 - 0.7% point from baseline can be achieved. An advantage over sulphonylurea is the effect on serum insulin levels: miglitol therapy leads to slightly lower postprandial levels of serum insulin, whereas chronic sulphonylurea treatment usually increases serum insulin levels. This insulin-sparing effect may, in theory, lead to a lesser weight gain or even no weight gain and reduced risk of hypoglycaemia during chronic treatment. Long-term experience in Type 1 diabetic patients is limited. Similarly, miglitol may lead to reduced postprandial glucose excursions, slightly reduced insulin requirements and perhaps, as a consequence, a lower risk of hypoglycaemia. More long-term data are needed to fully assess to the clinical use of miglitol in these patients.     

甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病疗效观察

目的 探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病临床疗效.方法 选择确诊为2型糖尿病患者80例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组38例,采用预混胰岛素(诺和灵30R)治疗,治疗组42例,采用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗,治疗12周,观察空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2 hBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、体重指数(BMI)、血糖达标时间、低血糖事件发生率、胰岛素每天用量等指标.结果 2组经过12周治疗后,FBG、2 hBG、HbA1c指标均较治疗前有显著改善(P＜0.05),FBG、2 hBG、HbA1c各指标组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);BMI指标治疗前后比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);2组患者血糖达标时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);2组患者胰岛素每天用量、低血糖发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病可显著改善血糖,降低血糖发生率低,且可减少胰岛素用量,临床效果显著,值得推广和借鉴.     

阿卡波糖联合二甲双胍治疗初诊2型糖尿病患者疗效观察

目的:探讨阿卡波糖及二甲双胍单独或联合应用治疗初诊2型糖尿病患者的临床效果.方法:选择63例初诊2型糖尿病患者,进行运动和饮食治疗的基础上,分别给予阿卡波糖(50mg,tid),二甲双胍(0.5g,tid)或两药联合治疗6个月,比较治疗前后所有患者的空腹血糖(FBS)、餐后血糖(PBS)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、餐后胰...