肺动脉栓塞在多层螺旋CT强化及后处理中的影像表现及诊断评价

目的观察肺动脉栓塞（PAE）在多层螺旋CT（MSCT）强化下扫描及后处理图象中的特征，评价其对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值。方法35例可疑PAE病人均行MSCT强化扫描，并进行多平面重建（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、容积再现（VR）及仿真内窥镜（VE）后处理。结果35例受检者主干肺动脉至段肺动脉的显示率为100％；对亚段及5级肺动脉的显示率为80．23％。在35例中32例可见到不同部位、不同类型和形态的充盈缺损，并有不同种类的间接征象。3例未见肺动脉内充盈缺损，其中2例各有1种间接征象。结论多层螺旋CT扫描及重建后处理是肺动脉栓塞的快速、有效、安全、简便可行的诊断方法。     

Single-Center Retrospective Study of Preoperative Prostatic Artery Embolization with the Use of Gelatin Sponge: Initial Experience and Influence for Blood Loss in Prostate Surgery

PurposeTo investigate the safety and effectiveness of preoperative prostatic artery embolization (PAE) in relation to decrease in hemoglobin level, requirement for blood transfusion, length of hospitalization, and procedure-related complications.Materials and MethodsTen consecutive patients who underwent surgery after preoperative PAE were identified from May 2017 to October 2018 (embolization group: holmium-laser enucleation of the prostate [HoLEP] in 6 patients and robotic simple prostatectomy in 4 patients, mean age 72.9 ± 8.7 years, mean prostatic volume 106.5 ± 22.0 mL). For comparison, consecutive patients with a large prostatic volume (≥70 mL) who underwent surgery without preoperative PAE during the same period were enrolled (nonembolization group: HoLEP in 9 patients and robotic simple prostatectomy in 1 patients, mean age 71.2 ± 5.7 years, mean prostatic volume 87.8 ± 26.7 mL).ResultsPAE was technically successful in 90% of patients (9/10). The median interval between PAE and surgery was 2 days. The mean hemoglobin reduction was lower (1.40 ± 0.92 g/dL vs 3.07 ± 1.50 g/dL; P = .008) and the median length of hospitalization was shorter (8.5 days vs 11 days; P = .039) in the embolization group than the nonembolization group. The operating time (mean for HoLEP 146 ± 38 min vs 179 ± 59 min [P = .248], mean for robotic simple prostatectomy 223 ± 32 min vs 354 min) and number of blood transfusion (1 patient vs 2 patients; P = .392) were not significantly different between the 2 groups. None of the patients developed any complications except bleeding requiring transfusion.ConclusionsPreoperative PAE is safe and may reduce blood loss during prostate surgery.     

铜绿假单胞菌耐药性分析

目的 研究2011～2012年本医院患者分离出的铜绿假单胞菌（PAE）的耐药率.方法 采用VETEK2 Comact 全自动微生物分析系统鉴定出274株铜绿假单胞菌,分别来自住院患者各类标本,按照CLSI各年度标准判断PAE对抗菌药物的耐药性.结果 在22种常用抗生素中,铜绿假单胞菌对半数以上的药物耐药率＞40％.铜绿假单胞菌对β-内酰胺类药物耐药率较高,对亚胺培南和美罗培南耐药性上升较快,对其他类抗生素都出现不同程度的耐药.结论 铜绿假单胞菌易出现多重耐药,2012年绿假单胞菌耐药率与2011年相比总体呈上升趋势,应加强铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性检测,依据药敏结果合理用药,才能有效防止多重耐药菌株的产生.     

氟喹诺酮、大环内酯类、β-内酰胺类等对炭疽菌的体外抗生素后效应

抗生素后效应(PAE)是反映药效学的一个参数,表明了当活性抗菌药物从生长媒介中消除后一个抑制细菌生长的过程.PAE的持久性受细菌种类、抗菌药物的性质和浓度影响,同时也受一些环境因素的影响,如温度、pH、PO2,生长媒介,体液种类等.PAE的临床意义在于指导临床实践中抗菌药物的用药剂量.那些能产生很长PAE的抗菌药物应该将其给药间隔延长,超过其药代参数中的t1/2值.这在保证其有效性的同时,还可减少每日的用药次数,降低药物不良反应的发生率.     

环丙沙星和二氟沙星对大肠杆菌和金葡球菌的体外抗菌后效应

采用常规活菌落计数法观察环丙沙星和二氟沙星在３种不同浓度（４ＭＩＣ２ＭＩＣ和０．５ＭＩＣ）下对大肠杆菌ＡＴＣＣ２５９２２和金葡球菌ＡＴＣＣ２５９２３的体外抗菌后效应（ＰＡＥ），结果表明所试药物对两种细菌均显示不同程度的ＰＡＥ（０．５０～３．２５ｈ）且其ＰＡＥ时间与药物剂量呈正相关。     

Neurodevelopmental disorder associated with prenatal exposure to alcohol (ND-PAE): A proposed diagnostic method of capturing the neurocognitive phenotype of FASD

Neurobehavioral Disorder associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (ND-PAE) was proposed as a diagnostic formulation intended to capture the range of mental health problems occurring in alcohol-affected individuals with a history of prenatal alcohol exposure. The proposed criteria for the disorder are reviewed as well as various factors considered in the development of the disorder and its associated criteria. The taxonomic research related to the disorder is reviewed with preliminary analyses indicating that clinicians are readily able to agree when applying the diagnostic criteria but that the adaptive functioning criteria may need to be modified to expand its coverage of alcohol-affected individuals and to aid in discriminating these individuals from others not alcohol-affected. Finally, the challenges with translating the diagnosis into European medical and mental healthcare systems are discussed and recommendations for facilitating implementation are made.     

吸水链霉菌NND-52中小组分抗生素M2的结构鉴定及生物活性

目的确定吸水链霉菌NND 5 2所产生的小组分抗生素M2的结构 ,并检测其体外生物活性。方法通过紫外吸收光谱、红外光谱和核磁共振谱波谱分析确定结构 ;用棋盘微量稀释法测最小抑菌浓度 (MIC) ;稀释法测后效应。结果M2与尼日利亚菌素同质 ,对革兰阳性细菌 (包括耐药性的临床致病菌 )作用敏感 ,2MIC下 2 4h内能杀死绝大部分细菌 ;有较长的后效应。结论M2对耐药菌作用敏感 ,可作为解决日益严重的细菌耐药性的一个新选择。     

Testicular atrophy induced by phthalic acid monoesters: Effects of zinc and testosterone concentrations

Induction of testicular atrophy by monoesters of phthalic acid were compared in male Wistar rats. Dietary administration of monobutyl (MBP), mono-iso-butyl (MIBP) and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) induced severe atrophy of the testes. Furthermore, high testosterone concentration in the testes was found in MBP- and MIBP-treated rats, whereas low zinc concentration was found in MBP-, MIBP- and MEHP-treated rats. On the other hand, in monooctyl phthalate (MOP)-treated rats, testosterone and zinc concentrations in the testes were not changed. These were similar to the results with their diesters.     

Predictability and Inducibility of Detachment of Prostatic Central Gland Tissue after Prostatic Artery Embolization: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose

To assess the frequency and potential predictors of prostatic central gland tissue detachment (CGD), an enucleation-like reaction that sporadically occurred in a randomized controlled trial assessing efficacy and safety of prostatic artery embolization (PAE).

Prostatic Artery Embolization with 250-μm Spherical Polyzene-Coated Hydrogel Microspheres for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms with Follow-up MR Imaging

Purpose

To evaluate clinical outcomes and possible MR imaging predictors of clinical success after prostatic artery embolization (PAE) with 250-μm hydrogel particles.