豚鼠耳蜗微循环的检测

应用生物微球技术,结合耳蜗连续切片,直接定量检测6只正常豚鼠耳蜗血流。结果耳蜗总血流为1.662±0.262μl/min·cochlea,蜗轴、外侧壁、耳蜗隔三处血流,分别为0.955±0.272μl/min、0.654±0.272μl/min和0.053±0.060μl/min。对本实验方法和结果进行了讨论,认为用该方法检测动物的耳蜗总血流和耳蜗局部血流是准确易行的。     

霍乱弧菌O139菌毛微球疫苗制备初探

为寻求Ｏ１３９型霍乱弧菌菌毛疫苗研制的新途径,用高分子聚乳酸－聚乙二醇共聚物（ＤＬ－ＰＬＧ）包裹毒素共调菌毛（ＴＣＰ）抗的,进行免疫学研究,结果表明微轩比游离疫苗诱导的抗体水平高,其中小鼠血清ＩｇＧ以皮下ＭＳ－ＴＣＰ组最高,唾液中的ｓＩｇＡ以口服ＭＳ－ＴＣＰ组最高,口服组主要诱导粘膜免疫,皮下组主要导全身性免疫,ＴＣＰ是霍乱弧菌的共同抗原之一,可作为霍乱疫苗的候选抗原。     

微球制剂的应用研究进展

微球制剂是一种极具潜力的剂型,近年来发展非常迅速,在药学领域有着广泛的应用。其在肿瘤治疗、疫苗免疫、蛋白给药方面都有独特的优势。从靶向和非靶向两个方面对微球制剂的应用进展进行综述,同时简要介绍了微球制剂的一些现有问题及解决办法。     

PELA-BSA微球体外释药的灰色数学模型与结果预测

目的：运用灰色数学理论预测长效缓释蛋白微球的体外释药过程。方法：以复乳法制备PELA蛋白微球作为实验对象，根据灰色数学模型，借助计算机编程，预测PELA蛋白微球的体外释药过程。结果：预测值与实测值平均绝对误差E在2.3-4.6之间，平均相对误差在9.2％-14％范围内。结论：灰色数学理论可用于预测长效缓释释药体系体外释药过程。     

微球制剂临床应用进展

随着制剂技术的发展,微球制剂显示出了独特的优势,本文综述了药物微球的制备方法及临床应用现状.     

葛根素壳聚糖微球的制备及体外释药特性

目的：以脱乙酰壳聚糖为药物载体,制备了葛根素壳聚糖微球,考察葛根素壳聚糖微球在体外药物释放特性。方法以液体石蜡为油相,采用乳化-交联法制备葛根素壳聚糖微球,高效液相色谱法测定葛根素的含量。结果制备的葛根素壳聚糖微球形态圆整,大小均匀,表面光滑,平均粒径为9．56μm ,葛根素包封率为72．20％,平均载药量为17．82％。结论体外药物释放结果显示：以壳聚糖为载体,采用乳化-交联法制备的葛根素壳聚糖微球具有良好的缓释效果。     

Time course study of the antigen-specific immune response to a PLGA microparticle vaccine formulation

Microparticle-based vaccine delivery systems are known to promote enhanced immune responses to protein antigens and can elicit T_H1-biased responses when used in combination with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. It is important to understand the kinetics of the immune responses to microparticle-based protein vaccines in order to predict the duration of protective immunity and to optimize prime-boost vaccination regimens. We carried out a 10-week time course study to investigate the magnitude and kinetics of the antibody and cellular immune responses to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles containing 40 μg ovalbumin (OVA) protein and 16 μg CpG-ODN adjuvant (MP/OVA/CpG) in comparison to OVA-containing microparticles, soluble OVA plus CpG, or OVA formulated with Alhydrogel^® aluminum adjuvant. Mice vaccinated with MP/OVA/CpG developed the highest T_H1-associated IgG2b and IgG2c antibody titers, while also eliciting T_H2-associated IgG1 antibody titers on par with Alhydrogel^®-formulated OVA, with all IgG subtype titers peaking at day 56. The MP/OVA/CpG vaccine also induced the highest antigen-specific splenocyte IFN-γ responses, with high levels of IFN-γ responses persisting until day 42. Thus the MP/OVA/CpG formulation produced a sustained and heightened humoral and cellular immune response, with an overall T_H1 bias, while maintaining high levels of IgG1 antibody equivalent to that seen with Alhydrogel^® adjuvant. The time course kinetics study provides a useful baseline for designing vaccination regimens for microparticle-based protein vaccines.     

尼莫地平明胶微球的制备及其性质研究

目的研究尼莫地平明胶微球的制备工艺,并考察其体外释药特性。方法以天然的可生物降解的明胶为载体,液体石蜡为油相,Span80为乳化剂,采用正交设计优化空白明胶微球的制备工艺,用乳化法制备尼莫地平明胶微球。结果优选所制尼莫地平明胶微球形态圆整,大小均匀,表面光滑,载药量为13.48%。体外释药结果表明,一级动力学方程能较好地对其进行拟合。结论制备工艺稳定可行,所得尼莫地平明胶微球具有良好的缓释效果。     

Phase-separated chitosan–fibrin microbeads for cell delivery

Matrix-enhanced delivery of cells is a promising approach to improving current cell therapies. Our objective was to create cell-laden composite microbeads that combine the attractive features of the natural polymers chitosan and fibrin. Liquid polydimethylsiloxane was used to emulsify a chitosan–fibrinogen solution containing suspended human fibroblast cells, followed by initiation of thrombin-mediated polymerization of fibrin and thermal/pH-mediated gelation of chitosan. Chitosan/fibrin weight percent (wt%) ratios of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75 were investigated. Microbead diameters ranged from 275?±?99?µm to 38?±?10?µm using impeller speeds from 600 to 1400?rpm. Fibroblasts remained viable on day 1 post-fabrication in all matrices, but cell viability was markedly higher in high-fibrin microbeads by day 8 post-fabrication. Cell spreading and interaction with the extracellular matrix was also markedly increased in high-fibrin matrices. Such composite microbeads containing viable entrapped cells have potential for minimally invasive delivery of cells for a variety of tissue repair applications.     

The influence of acute venous congestion on the guinea pig cochlea

Summary The effects of sudden occlusion of the vein of the cochlear aqueduct (VCAQ) on the cochlear blood flow, endocochlear potential (EP), endolymphatic and perilymphatic fluid pressures (P_E and P_P) were studied in the guinea pig. Cochlear blood flow showed a sudden decrease, and EP began to drop within 90s, ranging from 50 to 70 mV in 5 of 11 animals studied, recovering to normal levels when the animals were placed on a continuous inhalation of carbogen. The P_E and P_P increased simultaneously (max. P_E = 3.4 ± 1.4 mm Hg; max. P_P = 2.5 ± 1.0 mm Hg) and returned to their initial values after 5 min. The EP was sustained within the normal range, even when there was an apparent decrease in cochlear blood flow (61.4 ± 8.4%). We believe that variations in EP following VCAQ occlusion were due to anatomical differences in collateral venous communications among the animals studied. Carbogen inhalation produced uniform recovery patterns, indicating that individual collateral vessel responses were eliminated.