良性前列腺增生合并糖尿病患者尿流动力学检查及其临床意义

目的:探讨良性前列腺增生(BPH)合并糖尿病(DM)患者尿流动力学特点及其临床意义。方法:对BPH合并DM患者30例(研究组)和单纯BPH患者30例(对照组)的尿流动力学检查结果进行对比分析。结果:研究组在膀胱感觉减退、膀胱顺应性增加、膀胱逼尿肌不稳定、膀胱逼尿肌功能受损、初始尿意容量(FDV)、最大膀胱容量(MCC)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力(Pdet@Qmax)、剩余尿量(RUV)等方面,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:DM加重了BPH患者的膀胱功能障碍,尿流动力学检查对于BPH合并DM患者的诊断和治疗具有重要的临床参考价值。     

膀胱出口部分梗阻大鼠膀胱超微结构和尿流动力学的关系

目的观察大鼠膀胱出口部分梗阻(PBOO)后尿流动力学及超微结构变化,探讨膀胱出口部分梗阻后超微结构和尿流动力学改变的关系。方法 48只雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)24只、PBOO 2周组8只、4周组8只、8周组8只。饲养后,于相应周数解剖膀胱,测定膀胱重量、不稳定收缩发生率、容量、漏尿点压及膀胱顺应性,观察逼尿肌超微结构改变等指标。结果 PBOO 2周、4周、8周膀胱重量分别为(220±24.2)mg、(327.8±27.7)mg、(521.6±24.7)mg,Sham组为(108.5±6.3)mg(P0.05);不稳定收缩发生率分别为50%(4/8)、87.5%(7/8)、37.5%(3/8),Sham组0%为(0/24)(P0.05);膀胱最大容积分别为(0.65±0.26)mL、(1.57±0.70)mL、(5.62±1.39)mL,Sham组为(0.30±0.08)mL(P0.05)。梗阻组漏尿点压为2周组(31.5±4.78)cmH2O、4周组(56.5±7.46)cmH2O、8周组(33.00±9.92)cmH2O,Sham组(22.13±3.18)cmH2O(P0.05)。膀胱顺应性PBOO 2周组、4周组与Sham组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),8周组与Sham组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。透射电镜观察结果为大鼠PBOO后线粒体增多、水肿,细胞膜穴样凹陷增多,中间连接减少、缝隙连接及胞突连接增多。结论膀胱出口部分梗阻后由代偿期进入失代偿期,可以通过尿流动力学进行检测,而产生这一系列变化的形态学基础可能是超微结构的改变。     

Urethra actively opens from the very beginning of micturition: A new concept of urethral function

Transvaginal or transrectal ultrasound was carried out in an adult female and a male volunteer during micturition. Although the male urethra was enclosed by the prostate, its construction and the function were almost identical to the female urethra. The anterior fibromuscular stroma was not a part of the prostate, but was a part of the urethral muscle. The urethra was surrounded by a thick single muscle unit, developed only on the anterior and lateral sides of the urethra. When the participant wished to urinate, the initial motion was not a bladder contraction, but an active opening of the urethral lumen by the muscle unit. The same unit closed the urethra when continence was kept. In conclusion, the main function of the urethra is thought to be not a closure, but an opening to control the entire micturition process, rather than the bladder being primarily responsible for the control of micturition.