B超引导下经皮穿刺囊内注射铝溶液治疗肾囊肿

在 B 超引导下经皮穿刺囊内注射铝溶液治疗肾囊肿72例89个囊肿结果:消失48个,有效36个,总有效率94%。随访3个月至2年未见复发。其方法安全、简便、无副作用。并对铝溶液作用机制进行初步探讨。     

高强度超声对犬前列腺组织损伤的实验研究

目的　探讨经尿道高强度超声 (transurethralhighintensityultrasound ,TUHIU)治疗良性前列腺增生症 (benignprostatichyperplasia ,BPH)的有效性和可行性。方法　对犬前列腺进行TUHIU辐照处理 ,辐照后不同时期处死动物以观察其急性、亚急性和慢性期大体及组织病理变化。同时观察辐照前后影像学变化。结果　TUHIU辐照前前列腺部尿道平均最大宽度为 0 66± 0 12 ( x±s)cm ,辐照 3周后前列腺部尿道平均最大宽度为 2 11± 1 0 7cm ,较辐照前显著增宽。辐照后可见靶区内尿道周围腺体发生凝固性坏死 ,3 0～ 60天后坏死组织脱落尿道呈囊腔状。光、电镜下均可见腺上皮及基质细胞发生均匀性凝固性坏死。辐照后经腹B超示前列腺内部出现液性暗区 ,前列腺呈囊性改变。辐照后即刻各犬均出现短暂性尿潴留、尿频、尿线变细 ,1月后恢复正常。结论　TUHIU可破坏前列腺组织 ,明显增加前列腺部尿道宽度。     

侧向压力和锉针磨损对声波和超声波根管器械切削效力的影响

[目的]观察器械侧向压力(load)和根管锉的工作磨损(wear)对超声锉和声波锉切削效力的影响。[方法]在0.245 N或0.490 N侧向压力下,使用新或已经使用1 min的根管锉,利用本院自制的根管器械切削效力测试仪观察声波和超声波根管器械对牛骨片的切削能力。[结果]声波根管器械平均较超声波根管器械切削效力高292％,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);侧向压力和锉的磨损对声波根管器械切削效力的影响较超声波器械更明显(P<0.01)。[结论]同超声波器械相比,声波根管器械可能具有更高的临床工作效率,但器械容易磨损;临床使用中应谨慎控制声波根管器械侧向压力的大小,防止根管过度切削。     

经直肠彩色多普勒诊断良性前列腺增生37例

目的：探讨经直肠彩色多普勒超声对良性前列腺增生的诊断价值。方法：采用经直肠彩色多普勒对37例良性前列腺增生患者进行检查，测量大小，计算体积，并按前列腺重量分成四组，测定、分析增生内腺动脉的血液动力学参数。分组评价增生内腺的彩色血流图。结果：随前列腺重量的增加，增生内腺血流分布逐渐增加，血流的最大流度(Vmax)、血流最低流速(Vmin)、血流阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)逐渐增加。结论：经直肠彩色多普勒检查有助于临床对前列腺增生的准确诊断。     

大脑中动脉闭塞后自发性再灌注经颅多普勒观察

（1）目的 探讨缺血性脑卒中自发性再灌注的经颅多普勒表现。（2）方法 对56例大脑中动脉（MCA）急性缺血性脑卒中病人,在发病6h内行脑CT,经颅多普勒超声（TCD）及动脉数字减影检查。（3）结果 38例有TCD异常,表现为患侧MCA血流信号消失或血流信号不对称。24h,48h,7d随访,发现受阻MCA出现自发性再灌注达50％,且阻塞部位越远,出现再灌注概率越大。（4）结论 TCD技术为一简单、有效的监测MCA再通方法。     

甲状腺肿块超声诊断47例分析

目的：分析甲状腺肿块超声诊断的临床意义。方法：术前采用Aloka-620型超声诊断仪对甲状腺肿块行多切面检查来确定肿块的性质和范围。结果：47例甲状腺肿块超声诊断后经手术和病理证实,诊断符合率87．2％。结论：甲状腺肿块超声诊断是术前检查不可缺少的手段。     

经颅超声多普勒对儿童血管性头痛发作期的诊断价值

目的 :探讨经颅超声多普勒 (TCD)对诊断儿童血管性头痛发作期的临床价值。方法 :对 3 0名血管性头痛患儿及与之匹配的正常儿童进行TCD检测分析。结果 :儿童血管性头痛患儿发作期颅内外动脉最高平均血流速度 (MFV)低于正常对照组 ;不同程度头痛患儿颅内外动脉MFV比较 ,重度头痛者最低 ,中度者次之 ,轻度者最高 ;各颅内外动脉的脉动指数略低于正常对照组。结论 :儿童血管性头痛发作期存在血流动力学改变。经颅超声多普勒可为诊断该病的重要依据 ,并可作为判断发作期病情轻重的辅助手段     

Early Postoperative Transcranial Sonography (TCS), CT, and MRI after Resection of High Grade Glioma: Evaluation of Residual Tumour and its Influence on Prognosis

Summary ? Purpose. In this prospective study the results of multimodal postoperative neuro-imaging were related to the survival of patients with high grade gliomas.  Methods. All 73 patients included underwent microsurgical tumour resection and had postoperative CT and transcranial sonography (TCS) examinations. In addition, 35 of the 73 patients received an early postoperative MRI. Patients were followed up for at least one year.  Findings. At the end of the 7 year study period 56 patients had died. The median survival time was 371 days. Survival rate was significantly higher in patients with anaplastic astrocytomas and inpatients displaying complete tumour resection on MRI (log-rank-test, p<0.05) or a small postoperative residual tumour bulk on TCS (log-rank-test, p<0.05). Cox proportional hazards model identified histological tumour grade, postoperative Karnofsky index, complete resection based on MRI and small postoperative residual tumour mass on TCS as independent predictors of survival.  Interpretation. This study demonstrates that early postoperative neuro-imaging has prognostic implications for the survival of patients with high grade gliomas. According to our results postoperative imaging with MRI and TCS is a valuable prognostic with regard to patient survival and should therefore be implemented in postoperative follow-up. It also helps to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant therapy.     

良恶性肾肿瘤彩色多普勒超声的诊断价值

目的探讨多普勒超声在良恶性肾肿瘤鉴别诊断价值.方法应用多普勒超声技术检测20例正常人和78例肾肿瘤肾主动脉及肿瘤血供.测量肾主动脉收缩峰值速度(Vmax),舒张末期最小血流速度(Vmin),阻力指数(RI),测量三次取平均值.结果正常组两例肾主动脉血流参数比较差异无显著性(P>0.55).恶性组患例肾主动脉Vmax、Vmin高于健例,良性组及正常组对照组(P＜0.11),而RI均高于恶性组,恶性组病灶区Vmax、Vmin明显高于良性组,差异有显著性(P＜0.11).结论肾肿瘤及肾动脉血流动力学特征对良恶性肾肿瘤的鉴别诊断有重要价值.     

Clinical significance of lipoprotein(a) in carotid plaque types and ischemic stroke in the elderly

Background:   The relationship between lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and ischemic stroke is still controversial in the elderly. The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the significance of Lp(a) in the development of extracranial carotid lesions and ischemic stroke.
Methods:   A total of 371 elderly subjects, studied with carotid ultrasonography (US) and brain computed tomography (CT), was stratified into two groups according to serum Lp(a) levels: the normal Lp(a) and high Lp(a) (>40 mg/dL) groups. Carotid plaques were divided into three types based on the US echogenicity: hypoechoic, hyperechoic, and heterogeneous plaques. Low-density areas (LDA) on brain CT images were classified into three groups depending on their distribution: basal ganglionic, cortical and only leuko-araiosis types.
Results:   The incidence of bilateral carotid lesions and the ratios of hypoechoic and heterogeneous plaques were significantly higher in the high Lp(a) group than in the normal Lp(a) group. Both the mean height and length of plaque were also greater in the high Lp(a) group. Mean Lp(a) levels were significantly elevated in cases with hypoechoic and heterogeneous types, compared to the cases without lesions. Higher mean Lp(a) levels were seen in cases with any kind of LDA than in normal subjects on CT, but there was no significant difference in the incidence of each LDA between the two groups.
Conclusions   These findings indicate that serum Lp(a) is strongly related to carotid lesions, especially hypoechoic and heterogeneous plaque types, in Japanese elderly patients. This suggests that Lp(a) could promote the formation of lipid-rich atheromatous plaque with intraplaque hemorrhage or superimposed thrombi. Serum Lp(a) also seemed to be a risk for all types of LDA.