Ethical global health in nursing education: An integrative review

AimThe purpose of this integrative review is to provide a comprehensive review of ethical considerations for host communities and nursing programs in planning, implementing and evaluating global health experiences for nursing students.BackgroundGlobal health experiences for nursing students are proliferating rapidly across university settings while at the same time decreasing the average time spent in the host country engaged with local communities. Global health experiences are an area where students can experience ethics as it is applied across varied contexts including resource limited international settings. As nursing education expands its global programming, exploring the ethical implications of designing, implementing and evaluating GHEs becomes pivotal to build respectful, sustainable relationships with global partners and best prepare nursing students for ethical professional practice in an interconnected world.DesignWe conducted an integrative review to examine ethical considerations in development of ethical global health experiences that benefit, rather than harm, host communities and participating nursing student guests.MethodsThe search included articles published in English language, peer-reviewed journals between 1998 and 2021 that discussed ethics in the context of nursing students traveling internationally for global health experiences. Eighteen articles met criteria for review.ResultsOverall, findings demonstrate relatively little research specific to ethical engagement in global health experiences. The articles in this integrative review discussed a range of ethical attributes including reciprocity or collaboration, respect, sustainability or commitment, justice and openness. Recommendations based on research and non-research articles are provided.ConclusionsEthical comportment in global health experiences requires careful planning, implementation and evaluation to assure an equitable and sustainable partnership between host community, faculty and nursing student guests.     

高校科技期刊的业务流程再造实践——以《中国有色金属学报》为例

【目的】 在媒体融合的背景下,探索高校科技期刊获得良性、可持续发展的业务流程再造方案。【方法】 通过问卷调查法和深度访谈法,对《中国有色金属学报》学术用户的实际需求进行诊断分析,并依据《中国有色金属学报》一年内的业务流程再造实践,总结和设计普适性较强的高校科技期刊业务流程再造方案。【结果】 《中国有色金属学报》在学术用户群体服务与管理、学术资源挖掘和利用、缩短出版周期和媒体融合等方面进行业务流程再造并取得了显著成效。【结论】 高校科技期刊要想谋求新的发展和突破,必须基于用户日益增长的学术需求进行业务拓展,同时基于技术和机制,与时俱进地进行业务流程再造。     

医院信息化平台住院陪护人员管理功能的开发与应用

目的 探讨医院信息系统中增加住院陪护管理功能的应用效果。方法 基于互联网医院、智慧医院等信息系统，开发信息化住院陪护管理功能，包括流行病学史调查、免费核酸申请、电子陪护证办理、体温监测登记及上报和统计查询。该功能与医院智慧护理链接后全院应用。比较功能应用前和应用后的遵医嘱一患一陪达标率、有效陪护证达标率、体温监测并登记日上报达标率和陪护证使用追溯率，评价护士和管理者疫情防控管理的人均耗时以及对该管理功能的满意度。结果 应用信息化陪护管理功能后，一患一陪达标率、有效陪护证达标率、体温监测并登记日上报达标率和陪护证使用追溯率显著高于应用前（均P＜0.05）；护士陪护管理人均耗时从（554.13±30.77）s降至（311.67±21.54）s（P＜0.05）；护士和管理者对该信息化陪护管理功能的满意度显著提高（均P＜0.05）。结论 信息化住院陪护管理功能的应用有效提升了疫情期间陪护的管理质量和管理效率，提高了一线护士和管理者的满意度。     

护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表的编制及信效度检验

目的编制护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表,并进行信效度检验。方法以计划行为理论为框架,采用文献回顾、半结构式访谈法形成量表的条目池;通过专家咨询、项目分析对量表条目进行筛选,初步形成护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表。采用方便抽样法,于2020年10—12月选取江苏省6所医院(2所三级医院、2所二级医院、2所一级医院)的825名护士进行正式调查,检验问卷的信效度。结果护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表包括3个分量表(参与行为态度、主观行为规范、感知行为控制)、8个维度、17个条目。总量表的Cronbach'sα系数为0.927、重测信度系数为0.805。护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿与参与行为的相关系数为0.743(P<0.01)。因子分析提取出8个公因子,累积方差贡献率为72.33%。结论护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿量表具有较好的信效度,可用于护士"互联网+护理服务"参与行为意愿的评估。     

中医移动医疗App信息服务现状研究

以“七麦数据”网站收录的中医移动医疗App作为研究对象，采用网络调查法和文献分析法，根据“七麦数据”对移动医疗App的分类，结合中医移动医疗App的信息服务内容和特点，将筛选出的中医移动医疗App划分为医疗健康类、中医养生类、知识传播类、全面综合类，并根据“七麦数据”网站中对各类中医移动医疗App的打分及累计下载量筛选出最具代表性的12款中医移动医疗App，从全面性、人性化、安全性、实用性4个一级指标和40个二级指标对其信息服务现状进行评价，指出当前中医移动医疗App信息服务存在的问题并提出建议。     

Inverse correlation between the expression of AMPK/SIRT1 and NAMPT in psoriatic skin: A pilot study

PurposeEpidermal hyperplasia and the involvement of immune cells characterize the clinical picture of psoriasis. Among the several factors involved, attention has been focused on sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) - a deacetylase endowed with a variety of functions including the control of metabolic and inflammatory processes-, and on nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), important for SIRT1 activation and involved in inflammatory events. The aim of the study was to analyze changes of SIRT1 and NAMPT expression in psoriatic skin.Patients and methodsSamples from healthy controls and psoriatic patients were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsA strong downregulation of SIRT1 expression was observed in skin samples from psoriatic patients compared to healthy controls. This was accompanied by a parallel reduction of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) expression and, more strikingly, by the disappearance of cells immunolabeled for its active, phosphorylated form (pAMPK). In both cases, analysis of the distribution of immunopositive cells revealed a shift towards reduced intensity of staining. In contrast, NAMPT expression was upregulated in psoriatic samples in line with its pro-inflammatory role. This was again more visible with an intensity-based distribution analysis that evidenced a shift towards more intensely immunostained cell populations.ConclusionsThe present data correlate in the same samples the expression of SIRT1, pAMPK/AMPK and NAMPT in psoriasis and open the way for novel pharmacological targets in the treatment of the disease.     

MR-safety in clinical practice at 7T: Evaluation of a multistep screening process in 1819 subjects

IntroductionMR facilities must implement and maintain adequate screening and safety procedures to ensure safety during MR examinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate a multi-step MR safety screening process used at a 7T facility regarding incidence of different types of safety risks detected during the safety procedure.MethodsSubjects scheduled for an MR examination and having entered the 7T facility during 2016–2019 underwent a pre-defined multi-step MR safety screening process. Screening documentation of 1819 included subjects was reviewed, and risks identified during the different screening steps were compiled. These data were also related to documented decisions made by a 7T MR safety committee and reported MR safety incidents.ResultsPassive or active implants (n = 315) were identified in a screening form and/or an additional documented interview in 305 subjects. Additional information not previously self-reported by the subject, regarding implants necessitating safety decisions performed by the staff was revealed in the documented interview in 102 subjects (106 items). In total, the 7T MR safety committee documented a decision in 36 (2%) of the included subjects. All of these subjects were finally cleared for scanning.ConclusionA multi-step screening process allows a thorough MR screening of subjects, avoiding safety incidents. Different steps in the process allow awareness to rise and items to be detected that were missed in earlier steps.Implications for practiceSafety questions posed at a single timepoint during an MR screening process might not reveal all safety risks. Repetition and rephrasing of screening questions leads to increased detection of safety risks. This could be effectively mitigated by a multi-step screening process. A multi-disciplinary safety committee is efficient at short notice responding to unexpected safety issues.     

Involvement of Patients and Medical Professionals in the Assessment of Relative Effectiveness: A Need for Closer Cooperation

ObjectivesInvolvement of patients and medical professionals in assessment of relative effectiveness (relative effectiveness assessment) contributes to an efficient and effective health technology assessment (HTA) process and supports acceptance and implementation of the outcome. This study aimed to analyze stakeholder involvement in assessing relative effectiveness and how the parties involved value this collaboration.MethodsThis is a document analysis of all drug assessments completed in 2019 (20) by the public HTA agency of The Netherlands, enriched with semistructured interviews with employees of the HTA agency (18) and representatives of patient (5) and medical (11) associations involved in these assessments. Data were analyzed, coded, and categorized.ResultsIn almost half of the assessments, there was no coordination with the medical associations at the start of the relative effectiveness assessment and no patient associations involved in this phase. During the assessment procedure, patient and medical associations were always asked to comment on the draft report. Nevertheless, the strict 5-day deadline that the HTA agency uses as a response period often hampered a proper response and involvement. According to interviewees of the HTA agency, this leads to a great diversity in the substantive quality of their input. Patient and medical associations indicated that the HTA agency relies too much on “paper knowledge,” which leads to a (perceived) lack of alignment with clinical practice.ConclusionsThe limited involvement results in a lack of coordination and mutual trust. Optimizing involvement of patients and medical professionals in HTA practice requires effort from all parties involved. Procedural adjustments and better coordination, especially at the start of the assessment, would probably improve cooperation.     

国内健康信息研究作者合著网络及研究主题分析

目的分析核心作者、作者合著网络特征,推测国内健康信息研究的发展阶段、主要研究力量及主要研究主题。方法以CNKI期刊库为数据源,以"健康信息"及相关词为主题词,检索2000—2018年的相关文献,基于普莱斯定律及综合指数法确定核心作者,使用数据统计软件Excel及社会网络分析软件Vcinet,利用综合指数以及社会网络分析法计算作者间联系合作紧密度,并离析高产合作子网。结果文献量以较快指数型速率增长。作者合作率较高且信息传输渠道较通畅,2000—2018年国内研究的合著率稳定在80%,但学者的合作关系较为单一,多集中在同一机构或同一师门,阻碍了跨机构学者的交流合作。主要合作团队活跃度较高且核心成员多为研究领域的核心作者,科研产出量较大且被引频次较高。结论国内研究正处于旺盛发展期,但未形成稳定的核心作者群体。学者间因同机构或师门关系产生固定合作,健康信息管理、公众健康行为、健康教育等为核心作者或活跃团队研究的主要主题。