102例海洛因依赖患者者戒毒出院后复吸原因分析

对１０２例海洛因依赖患者戒毒出院后操守时间及复吸原因进行分析，发现复吸原因主要与精神依赖及对精神依赖的错误认识等有关，用药维持治疗可明显操守时间．提出在戒毒出院后应采用象治疗神经症或精神病那样的方法来长期维持治疗。     

海洛因依赖80例临床资料分析

本文对首次住院的８０例海洛因依赖者的临床资料进行分析。男性７２例，女性８例，无职业者４０％。个体户占３５％，工人占２４％，初中文化者占８５％。入院前滥用毒麻药品现象较严重。停止使用海洛因后均出现典型的戒断症状，精神依赖很强。使用丁丙诺啡替代递减疗法近期效果满意。住院期间偷吸毒品现象严重，复吸率极高。     

Role of noradrenergic hyperactivity in neonatal opiate abstinence

Despite the existence of a well-defined abstinence syndrome in offspring of opiate-dependent mothers, the mechanisms involved in neonatal abstinence remain unclear. The goal of the present study was to determine the contribution of noradrenergic neurons in the opiate abstinence syndrome in neonatal rats (10 days old). First, the ability of the α2-adrenergic agonist, clonidine to attenuate the symptoms of neonatal opiate abstinence precipitated by naloxone was determined. Secondly, the activity of noradrenergic neurons was determined by measuring postmortem levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and cortex in opiate-abstinent pups. Neonatal opiate abstinence was characterized by an increased incidence of wall climbing, tremors and mouthing. Acute treatment with morphine and naloxone in chronic saline-treated pups also produced the tremor, albeit less severe than in pups treated chronically with morphine. Clonidine (0.2 mg/kg) attenuated the expression of tremor and mouthing in neonates, but increased wall climbing. Clonidine elicited wall climbing in opiate-naive neonates. Treatment with morphine followed by naltrexone increased MHPG levels in all of the brain areas examined, irrespective of the chronic treatment, but naltrexone treatment elicited a larger increase in MHPG levels in pups treated chronically with morphine. Acute morphine treatment increased MHPG levels only in the hypothalamus. The results of the present study provide behavioral and neurochemical data supporting the hypothesis that noradrenergic hyperactivity plays a role in neonatal opiate abstinence.     

金锁匙口服液药效学及毒性研究

通过对金锁匙口服液的药效学及毒性的研究表明：本品能明显抑制吗啡依赖性小白鼠停药后的跳跃反应，协同戊巴比妥钠催眠作用，提高小鼠热板法痛阈值，抑制醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应，提示金锁匙口服液对吗啡类成瘾患者有一定的治疗作用，毒理研究表明；本品服用无药物依赖性、安全、无毒。     

The relevance of ethnographic understanding to Aboriginal anti-grog initiatives

Aboriginal initiatives to “beat the grog” may or may not draw on ethnographies of Aboriginal drinking behaviour. The deeper reason for this uncertainty has to do with fundamental ideas of citizenship and (self) governance. What is the relevance of “culture” to individual responsibility? This paper reviews this question at three levels; the political debate about “rights” and “responsibility”, ethnographic depictions of Aborigines as both group-dominated and individualistic, and through one Aboriginal organization's embracing of the perspectives of Alcoholic's Anonymous.     

加味参附汤对吗啡依赖戒断小鼠免疫功能的影响

吗啡依赖小鼠自然戒断后可见脾脏、胸腺萎缩，巨噬细胞Fc受体阳性百分率及吞噬功能、外周血T淋巴细胞总数、T淋巴细胞对PHA的殖反应、脾T淋巴细胞CD4^ 百分率及CD4^ /CD8^ 比值均明显下降；吗啡继续成瘾而未戒断的小鼠的以上指标进一步损伤；加味参附汤（MSFD）治疗小鼠以上指标均有不同程度的恢复；而丁丙诺啡治疗后免疫功能状态仍低于或相当于自然戒断时。提示MSFD能促进吗啡依赖戒断小鼠损伤的免疫功能的恢复，这一作用可能与其对神经内分泌系统的调节有关。     

海洛因依赖性人格概念的建构及其与心理健康的关系

目的:了解海洛因依赖性人格的概念结构,建立海洛因依赖性人格量表。方法:对10 5名海洛因戒除者的海洛因依赖性人格问卷的测试数据进行验证性因素分析。结果:(1)海洛因依赖性人格由海洛因渴求感和戒除效能感两个维度构成,二维模型对样本数据的拟合度较好;(2 )海洛因渴求感α=0 .86 6 ,戒断效能感α=0 . 92 3,所有项目与所属因素因子分的相关系数在0. 6 81- 0 . 876之间,P <0 .0 0 1,两个分量表的相关系数r =- 0 4 4 2 ,P <0 . 0 0 1;(3)海洛因渴求感和戒除效能感与自尊、孤独、抑郁的相关系数的绝对值在0 . 2 2 1- 0. 5 11之间,达到显著性水平;回归分析的结果显示,戒断效能感可解释自尊、孤独和抑郁14 . 4 %、10 . 8%和2 6 . 2 %的变异。结论:海洛因依赖性人格的概念的构想合理,其量表具有良好的项目区分度、内部一致性信度和效度。