Success of day-case treatment of zygomatic and orbital fractures

Traditionally, surgical management of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) and orbital fractures occurs within two to three weeks of the injury, followed by an overnight admission to allow for extended eye observations. This is due to the risk of postoperative retrobulbar haemorrhage (RBH) or orbital compartment syndrome (OCS), a rapidly progressive and sight threatening emergency that requires immediate intervention. In September 2016 the oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) department at Leeds Teaching Hospitals redesigned their trauma service with a full-time trauma consultant, a dedicated clinic, and a weekly morning elective trauma theatre list. This allowed for standardisation of the management of patients with OMFS injuries. Furthermore, a formal day-case ZMC and orbital fracture pathway was developed to allow patients to undergo surgical management of such fractures with a same-day discharge. This has since been identified as an area of excellence by the Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) programme, and is in line with the addition of ZMC and orbital fractures to the procedural list written by the British Association of Day Case Surgery (BADS). Unbeknown to the unit, the volume of day-case procedures was the highest within the UK, demonstrating the importance of GIRFT in highlighting areas of good or unique practice. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of our day-case pathway and designated OMFS trauma service on compliance with recent recommendations by GIRFT and BADS. Secondly, it was to determine the safety of same-day discharge with regards to postoperative complications.     

F形空心钉与传统3枚平行钉治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的:分析比较"F"形空心钉与传统倒三角3枚平行螺钉内固定治疗青壮年Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法：2017年1月至2020年1月收治Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折患者38例，根据置入钉方式的不同将其分为两组，其中A组18例，采用"F"形空心钉固定，男12例，女6例，年龄37~55岁，受伤至手术时间1~3 d。B组20例，采用传统倒三角3枚平行拉力螺钉固定，男12例，女8例，年龄35~55岁，受伤至手术时间为1~3 d。比较两组患者骨折不愈合，股骨头坏死，股骨颈短缩，空心螺钉退出情况，髋关节功能Harris评分，疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale，VAS）。结果：所有患者获得随访，时间为15~31个月。两组患者在骨折不愈合，股骨颈短缩，股骨头坏死方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；两组患者在螺钉退出方面差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者术后12个月时髋关节Harris评分及VAS评分差异均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论："F"形与传统倒三角3枚平行空心钉内固定治疗青壮年Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折中短期疗效相似，但"F"形空心钉退钉率较低。     

Functional outcomes and complications after treatment of distal radius fracture in patients sixty years and over: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

AimThis network meta-analysis aims to compare functional outcomes and complications between conservative treatment and surgery for distal radius fractures in patients aged 60 years and over.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of conservative treatment and surgery for distal radius fractures in patients aged 60 years and over. Primary outcomes included grip strength and overall complications. Secondary outcomes included Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores, wrist range of motion and forearm rotation, and radiographic assessment. All continuous outcomes were assessed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and binary outcomes were assessed using odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to determine a hierarchy of treatments. Cluster analysis was performed for grouping treatments based on the SUCRA values of primary outcomes.ResultsFourteen RCTs were included to compare conservative treatment, volar lockedplate (VLP), K-wires fixation, and external-fixation. VLP outperformed conservative treatment for 1-year and minimum 2-year grip strength (SMD; 0.28 [0.07 to 0.48] and 0.27 [0.02 to 0.53], respectively). VLP yielded the optimal grip strength at 1-year and minimum 2-year follow-up (SUCRA; 89.8% and 86.7%, respectively). In a subgroup analysis of patients aged 60 to 80 years old, VLP outperformed conservative treatment in DASH and PRWE scores (SMD, 0.33 [0.10, 0.56] and 0.23 [0.01, 0.45], respectively). In addition, VLP had the fewest complications (SUCRA = 84.3%). Cluster analysis suggested that VLP and K-wire fixation were more effective treatment groups.ConclusionEvidence to date demonstrates that VLP provides measurable benefits in grip strength and fewer complications to those 60 years of age and over, and that benefit is not reflected in current practice guidelines. There is a subgroup of patients where K-wire fixation outcomes are similar to those of VLP; defining this subgroup may yield substantial societal benefits.     

Clinical application of automated virtual orbital reconstruction for orbital fracture management with patient-specific implants: A prospective comparative study

The aim of the study was to compare automated and manually conducted (slice-by-slice) virtual orbital wall reconstruction in terms of PSI design, manufacture, and clinical application for orbital fracture management.Patients with orbital wall fractures were evaluated for the potential for treatment with PSI, based on automated virtual wall reconstruction; these formed the main group. The surgical outcomes of these main-group patients' treatments were compared with those of the control group, which comprised patients randomly selected for this study, each of whom had the same orbital trauma patterns and were also managed with PSI. However, the control group patients were treated using ‘slice-by-slice’ virtual orbital reconstruction.Mean volume differences between the intact and reconstructed orbit were 0.65 ± 0.26 cm³ in the main group (n = 23) and 0.57 ± 0.23 cm³ in the control (n = 27; p = 0.837). In both groups, no cases of implant malposition or enophthalmos were detected after surgery. Orbital shape difference was similar for the main group and the control, at ?3.3 ± 3.5% and 3.25 ± 2.5%, respectively (p = 0.929). Diplopia was diagnosed at the 3-month follow-up in 13.0% of the main group and in 11.1% of the control (p = 0.651). The average times spent on computer-aided design (CAD) procedures, including segmentation, virtual orbital reconstruction, and PSI design, were 36.7 ± 6.9 min in the main group and 72.9 ± 7.7 min in the control group (p < 0.001).Within the limitations of the study it seems that PSI based on automated virtual reconstruction is a relevant alternative treatment option for orbital fractures because of its clinical efficacy that is similar to PSI based on a ‘slice-by-slice’ CAD protocol.     

Tibial periprosthetic fractures in Total Knee Arthroplasty – A scoping review

BackgroundPeriprosthetic tibial fractures in Total Knee Arthroplasty are much less commonly seen than femoral fractures, and there is a paucity of available literature and management recommendation for these fractures. We aimed to identify the relevant and up-to-date literature on this subject to analyse the incidence, risk factors, and management recommendations.MethodsA literature search was done on the databases of PubMed and SCOPUS using appropriate keywords. All the published literature in the English language was included for this review.ResultsWe included 21 studies comprising 260 tibial periprosthetic fractures (91 intra-operative (35%) and 169 (65%) post-operative or delayed fractures). Only 5.9% of these fractures were managed conservatively. Whereas 98 cases (58%) were managed with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plating, 19 (11.2%) were managed with revision TKA. Seventeen cases (10%) were managed with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO), and 8 (4.7%) were managed with intramedullary nailing. Less than 6% of cases were managed with other means, viz. megaprosthesis (n = 4), arthrodesis (n = 5), amputation (n = 1), and external fixator (n = 1).ConclusionIntraoperative fractures accounted for one-third of the fractures in our review. A majority of the delayed periprosthetic fractures were treated with surgical intervention. The most preferred surgical treatment method was ORIF of fractures using locking plates (either open or MIPPO). Revision TKA or megaprosthesis was used in cases with the loosened implants in association with the fracture.Level of evidenceIV     

改良前外侧入路联合改良后内侧入路治疗三踝骨折疗效的病例对照研究

目的:比较改良前外侧入路联合改良后内侧入路和传统后外侧入路辅助内侧切口治疗三踝骨折的临床效果。方法:自2015年1月至2017年8月选取108例三踝骨折患者分为改良入路组(试验组)和传统入路组(对照组)。试验组53例,男31例,女22例;年龄18～67(40.2±16.4)岁;左侧19例,右侧34例;旋后外旋型39例,旋前外旋型14例;术前等待时间6～14(9.6±3.1) d;手术采用改良前外侧入路联合改良后内侧入路。对照组55例,男34例,女21例;年龄19～69(42.1±15.3)岁;左侧18例,右侧37例;旋后外旋型42例,旋前外旋型13例;术前等待时间7～16(10.3±3.4) d;手术采用传统后外侧入路辅助内侧切口。对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、切口并发症例数及复位质量评定、骨折愈合时间、神经损伤例数、屈肌挛缩例数和切口并发症总例数;术后1年采用美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足功能评分进行临床疗效评价。结果 :108例患者均获得随访,时间12～24(16.4±7.5)个月。试验组手术时间(95.3±22.6) min,术中出血量(114.7±68.7) ml,术后引流量(127.5±87.8) ml,切口并发症1例,均少于对照组(112.5±53.8) min、(155.2±79.6) ml、(178.4±73.8) ml和3例。试验组复位质量优36例,良14例,差3例;对照组优30例,良15例,差10例;试验组优于对照组。试验组骨折愈合时间(5.5±1.6)个月,2例出现切口并发症;对照组骨折愈合时间(6.7±2.1)个月,12例出现切口并发症;试验组少于对照组。术后1年试验组AOFAS评分(92.9±18.4)分,高于对照组(80.3±38.3)分;根据AOFAS评分标准,试验组优32例,良17例,可3例,差1例;对照组优25例,良18例,可8例,差4例;两组比较差异有统计学意义。结论:改良前外侧入路联合改良后内侧入路和传统后外侧入路辅助内侧切口治疗三踝骨折均能取得良好的疗效。相比传统后外侧入路辅助内侧切口,改良前外侧联合改良后内侧入路治疗三踝骨折符合局部软组织血供特点,具有手术创伤小、操作安全、显露清楚有效等优点。     

急诊手术对胸腰椎骨折伴脊髓神经损伤患者神经功能的改善作用

目的分析急诊手术对胸腰椎骨折伴脊髓神经损伤患者神经功能的改善作用。 方法选取青岛市市立医院急诊科自2015年7月至2017年12月收治的85例胸腰椎骨折伴脊髓神经损伤患者进行研究，按随机数字表法将患者分为急诊组与择期组，均采用后路椎弓根螺钉复位固定术治疗。急诊组在伤后6 h内手术，择期组在伤后4~7 d内手术，比较2组患者手术指标、骨折恢复情况、脊髓神经功能分级及电生理指标改善情况、并发症发生情况。 结果急诊组患者术后引流量与术中出血量较择期组多，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），2组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后及末次随访时2组患者Cobb角、椎管占位与前缘高度丢失较术前均显著减少，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），但2组手术前后Cobb角、椎管占位与前缘高度丢失情况比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。末次随访时2组患者神经功能分级均显著改善，但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；末次随访时急诊组神经感觉和运动评分高于择期组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。随访中2组患者并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论急诊手术可促进胸腰椎骨折伴脊髓神经损伤患者脊髓神经感觉和运动功能的恢复。     

“A picture tells a thousand words” smartphone-based secure clinical image transfer improves compliance in open fracture management

BackgroundBOAST (British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma) and NICE (National Institute of Clinical Excellence) guidelines recommend clinical photography of all open fractures on admission and at key stages of patient care for objective wound documentation and to avoid repeated examination. Recording and handling photographs in a compliant and confidential manner in the setting of acute trauma management can prove challenging. To facilitate clinical photography at our Major Trauma Centre (MTC) institution, a smartphone-based Secure Clinical Image Transfer (SCIT) app was introduced and integrated with the existing clinical photography database to allow clinicians to take photographs, which are saved directly to patient records.ObjectivesTo compare rates of information governance (IG)-compliant clinical photography of wounds of patients with open fractures before and after introduction of departmental smartphones loaded with the clinical photography app SCIT.MethodsAdmission lists were inspected retrospectively for patients admitted with open fractures between August and October 2016, before SCIT was introduced. The Trust clinical photography database was searched for corresponding patient images and where present, graded out of three for clarity, comprehensiveness and context. The procedure was repeated prospectively from August to October 2017 after rollout of SCIT. The uptake and quality of photography were statistically compared (Fisher’s exact test, significance level p < 0.05).Results42 open fractures were identified in the 2016 period and 40 in the 2017 period. None of the 42 patients in the 2016 cohort had records of IG-compliant clinical photography on admission. 16 of 40 patients in the 2017 cohort had IG-compliant clinical photography on admission. This was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). 5 of 42 patients in the 2016 cohort and 8 of 40 patients in the 2017 cohort had photographs after first debridement. This was statistically insignificant (p = 0.375). All five photographs in the 2016 cohort scored 3/3. 18 of 21 photographs in the 2017 cohort scored 3/3, one scored 2/3 and two scored 1/3.ConclusionsIntegrating commonplace smartphone technology with a secure platform for taking and storing photographs can improve rates of IG-compliant clinical photography of open fractures. This may improve documentation, communication and patient care.     

Biomechanical comparison of humeral nails with different distal locking mechanisms: Insafelock nails versus conventional locking nails

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical resistance to rotational and axial forces of a conventional locking nail with a newly designed intramedullary humeral nail developed for humeral shaft fractures with a secure locking mechanism through the distal part of the nail.MethodsInSafeLOCK humeral nail system (group 1, TST, Istanbul, Turkey) and Expert humeral nail system (group 2, DePuy Synthes, Bettlach, Switzerland) of the same size (9 × 300 mm) were examined. In total, 24 fourth-generation humerus sawbones were used in the experiment. Osteotomy was performed at the humerus shaft, and a defect was created by removing 1 cm of bone. After pre-loading 5000 cycles at a frequency of 2 Hz and a force of 50–250 N for axial loading and 5000 torsion torques between 0.5 Nm and 6.5 Nm at a 2 Hz frequency for torsional loading, the failure load values of each load were recorded. Distal interlocking was performed with an endopin in group 1, while a double cortex screw was used in group 2.ResultsAll samples successfully passed the cyclic loading. The initial and final stiffness values were similar between the groups after axial loading (p = 0.873 and p = 0.522, respectively). The mean axial failure load values in groups 1 and 2 were 2627 ± 164 N and 7141 ± 1491 N, respectively. A significant difference was found in the axial failure load values (p = 0.004). Significant differences were observed between the initial and final torsional stiffness between the two groups (p = 0.004 and p = 0.004, respectively). No significant difference was found in the failure load values after torsional loading (11791 ± 2055 N.mm and 16997 ± 5440 N.mm) (p = 0.055).ConclusionThese results provide a biomechanical demonstration of the adequate stability of both nails after axial and rotational loading. The reliability of the newly developed InSafeLOCK humeral nail system, which does not require fluoroscopic control and an additional incision for distal locking, supports its use in the clinic.