测定神经降压素含量对急性颅脑损伤患者预后的评价

目的：探讨急性颅脑损伤患者神经降压素含量变化及临床意义。方法：采用放免法动态测定51例急性颅脑损伤患者血浆及脑脊液神经降压素含量，以观察神经降压素水平在颅脑损伤组和正常对照组中的变化。结果：颅脑损伤患者急性期血浆及脑脊液神经降压素含量显著高于对照组，且与病情轻重程度明显相关。结论：神经降压素参与急性颅脑损伤后继发性病理生理损害；血浆或脑脊液神经降压素动态含量，可能成为判断急性颅脑损伤患者预后的重要因素。     

Effects of Neurotensin on the Healing of Experimental Anastomosis of the Colon

The leakage of colonic anastomoses increases perioperative morbidity significantly. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of neurotensin, an intestinal trophic peptide, on the healing of colonic anastomosis. Forty-two Wistar-albino rats were separated into three equal groups: Group 1 (control group) — segmental resection of the left colon and end-to-end anastomosis; Group 2 (dexamethasone group) — resection and anastomosis, plus 0.1 mg/kg/day of dexamethasone; Group 3 (neurotensin group) — same surgical procedure plus 300 pg/kg/day of neurotensin. Bursting pressure and tissue hydroxyproline content were determined as parameters of the anastomosis strength and healing on the 3^rd and 7^th days postoperatively. On the 3^rd day, mean bursting pressures were 141.4, 146.7 and 73.1 (p = 0.0001) cm of water in the control group, dexamethasone and neurotensin groups respectively. On the 7^th day, bursting pressures were measured as 237.4, 100.6 (p = 0.0001) and 72.7(p = 10^-6) cm of water, in the control group, dexamethasone and neurotensin groups respectively. Between the 3^rd and 7^th days, bursting pressures were increased significantly in the control group (p = 0.0001), decreased in the dexamethasone (p = 0.048), and maintained their lowest values in the neurotensin (p = 0.96) groups. On the 7^th day, mean hydroxyproline levels were measured as 9.20, 3.30 (p = 0.007), 2.86 (p = 0.007) pg, in the control group, dexamethasone, and neurotensin groups respectively. Between the 3^rd and 7^th days, tissue hydroxyproline levels were increased significantly in the control group (p = 0.004), decreased in the dexamethasone (p = 0.03), and maintained their lowest values in the neurotensin (p = 0.87) groups. The anastomosis resistance to intraluminal pressure was weak, tissue collagen content was insufficient, and healing was inadequate in the dexamethasone and neurotensin groups in respect to the control group. We concluded that neurotensin impaired the healing, and affected the strength of the colonic anastomosis.     

神经降压素与原发性肝细胞癌

应用放射免疫方法检测了７２例原发性肝细胞癌（ＰＨＣ）病人空腹血浆神经降压素（ＮＴ）浓度，与正常对照组（１４．０６±９．７１ＰＭ）比较，除４例高于正常上限外，其他６８例其均值与对照组无明显差异。应用ＡＢＣ法对１９例肝癌组织作ＮＴ免疫组化染色，其中９例ＮＴ抗原表达阳性，染色阳性部位在癌细胞的细胞浆内，癌旁间质则为阴性。１０例非ＰＨＣ肝脏肿瘤，除１例胆管癌呈弱阳性外，其他９例均为阴性。１０例非肝肿瘤肝组织也呈阴性染色。说明在一些ＰＨＣ病例肝癌细胞内存在着ＮＴ免疫活性物质，提示此等癌细胞可能具有异位分泌ＮＴ的功能。但抗原血浆水平与肝癌组织免疫组化阳性染色之间没有并行关系。     

胃癌患者不同术式术后血清胃泌素、神经降压素和胃动素的变化

目的　检测胃癌术后不同手术方式对血清胃泌素、胃动素和神经降压素的影响。方法　应用放射免疫法测定了胃癌患者远端胃切除、近端胃切除和全胃切除后血清胃泌素、血浆胃动素和神经降压素的含量。结果　近端胃切除患者血清胃泌素明显高于远端胃切除组和全胃切除组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而三组间血浆神经降压素、胃动素无明显差异。三组不同术式胃切除后患者血浆神经降压素均明显低于正常值 (P <0 0 1)。结论　胃癌不同手术方式术后血清胃泌素含量不同 ,而对血浆胃动素与神经降压素浓度无明显影响     

溃疡性结肠炎患者血浆和肠黏膜组织中神经降压素的含量及其临床意义

背景:在新疆自治区,溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是一种常见病、多发病,其病因和发病机制至今尚不清楚,临床治疗效果亦不令人满意。目的:测定UC患者和对照者血浆和肠黏膜组织中神经降压素(NT)的含量,探讨NT含量与UC病因之间的关系。方法:采用放射免疫法测定31例UC患者(其中17例为少数民族)和38例对照者治疗前后血浆和肠黏膜组织中NT的含量。结果:UC患者血浆和肠黏膜组织中的NT含量较对照者显著降低(P<0.01);UC患者治疗后的血浆NT含量与治疗前相比无显著差异;少数民族UC患者的血浆NT含量与汉族患者相比无显著差异。结论:血浆和肠黏膜组织中NT含量降低可能与UC的发病有关。NT含量降低不是少数民族UC高发的直接原因。     

肠易激综合征患者血浆脑肠肽水平的变化

脑肠肽作为一类具有神经递质和激素双重功能的小分子多肽,在肠易激综合征（IBS）的发病机制中起重要作用.目的：研究血管活性肠肽（VIP）,神经肽Y（NPY）和神经降压素（NT）水平在IBS患者血浆中的变化及其临床意义.方法：根据RomeⅡ标准纳入IBS患者36例,其中腹泻为主型IBS（D-IBS）24例,便秘为主型IBS（C-IBS）12例,同时纳入正常对照者10名.采用放射免疫测定分别检测受试者血浆VIP、NPY和NT水平.结果：D-IBS患者血浆VIP水平显著高于正常对照组（P＜0.05）,而C-IBS患者血浆VIP水平与正常对照组比较无显著差异（P＞0.05）;D-IBS和C-IBS患者血浆NPY水平均显著低于正常对照组（P＜0.05和P＜0.01）,其中C-IBS患者又显著低于D-IBS患者（P＜0.05）;D-IBS和C-IBS患者血浆NT水平均显著高于正常对照组（P＜0.05）,但两亚型间比较无显著差异（P＞0.05）.结论：IBS患者血浆脑肠肽水平与腹泻或便秘症状有一定的联系,表现为D-IBS和C-IBS患者的血浆NT水平均显著升高,而NPY和VIP水平因IBS亚型的不同而有差异.脑肠肽作为调节胃肠运动功能和感觉功能的重要因素,可能与IBS的发生、发展有必然的内在联系.     

Neuropeptides Profile and Increased Innervation in Becker's Nevus

BackgroundMelanocytes are derived from neural crest, and various pigmentary disorders may accompany abnormalities in nerve system or develop following dermatome, suggesting that melanocyte and pigmentation may be closely related to neural factors. There are reports of Becker''s nevus (BN) showing linear and segmental configuration, suggesting the association of BN with nerve system. However, there are no studies regarding the expression of neuropeptides in BN.ObjectiveWe investigated the expression of neuropeptides and innervation in BN.MethodsPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) array of 84 genes related to neuronal process was done. Among the genes with 10-fold or more increase in lesional, real-time PCR was performed for neuropeptide Y (NPY), galanin, neurotensin (NTS) and their receptors skin compared to normal skin. IHC stain was done to look for the expression of NPY, galanin, NTS and their receptors and the distribution of protein gene products (PGP) 9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers.ResultsPCR array revealed that 16 out of 84 genes related to neuronal process were increased by 10-fold or more in lesional skin. In real-time PCR of NPY, galanin, NTS and their receptors, statistically significant increase of NPY1R (p<0.05) and marginally significant increase of NPY2R, GAL2R, and NTS2R (p<0.1) was verified in lesional skin. In immunohistochemistry, NPY, NPY1R NPY2R, and NTS2R were highly expressed in lesional skin and increased PGP 9.5 immunoreactive linear nerve fibers were found in the epidermis of BN.ConclusionNPY, galanin, NTS and their receptors and increased innervation may play a role in the pathogenesis of BN.     

下丘脑前部注射微量神经降压素对大鼠减压反应的影响

直接将神经降压素注射于大鼠下丘脑前部一侧减压区后,再以电刺激该区,观察其对减压反应的影响。结果表明,注射微量神经降压素后,可使电刺激该区所出现减压反应的最低值和持续时间,都比注射前明显增大。这证明,神经降压素参与电刺激大鼠下丘脑前部一侧减压区所出现的减压反应过程。     

Regulation of neurotensin-containing neurons in the rat striatum and substantia nigra. Effects of unilateral nigral lesion with 6-hydroxydopamine on neurotensin content and its binding site density

The effect of unilateral lesion of the rat substantia nigra with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was investigated on the endogenous contents of neurotensin (NT) and its binding site densities in the striatum and substantia nigra. Tyrosine hydroxylase (T-OH) activity, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, binding site densities of dihydrotetrabenazine (TBZOH), a marker of dopaminergic synaptic vesicles, and of iodosulpride, a ligand for dopamine D₂ receptors, were also determined. Fourteen days following nigral lesions, these markers were analyzed by means of radioimmunoassay for NT levels, fluoremetric method for GABA content, radiochemical method for T-OH activity and quantitative autoradiography for NT, TBZOH and iodosulpiride binding site densities. Unilateral nigral lesion with 6-OHDA provoked only ipsilateral modifications in dopamine markers. T-OH activity and TBZOH binding site densities significantly decreased in both the ipsilateral striatum and substantia nigra. Iodosulpiride binding sites decreased in the substantia nigra and increased in the striatum on the ipsilateral side. In contrast to these unilateral changes observed for dopamine markers, dramatic increases in NT contents were found in both the ipsi- and contralateral striata. No change was found in nigral NT levels on either side. On the other hand, NT binding sites decreased in the ipsilateral striatum and substantia nigra, which reflected the destruction of dopaminergic elements in these regions. The present results strongly suggest a dopaminergic control of striatal NT systems and demonstrate that a unilateral loss of this control may lead to strong bilateral alterations in NT levels.     

Effects of manganese oxide on monkeys as revealed by a combined neurochemical,histological and neurophysiological evaluation

Four monkeys were exposed to a total of 8 g each of manganese as oxide by repetitive subcutaneous injections during 5 months, after which they were left for 1 week to 6 months before they were sacrificed. All animals developed hyperactive behaviour after about 2 months. About 5 months after the start of the exposure the animals became hypoactive with an unsteady gait, and subsequently an action tremor appeared in some of the animals. The animals lost power in both upper and lower limbs and the movements of the hands and feet were very clumsy. The serum content of manganese rose 10–40 times during the exposure time and the content in brain was generally increased more than 10 times, with the highest content found in globus pallidus and putamen. The observed neurochemical effects were also largest in globus pallidus and putamen. In these regions there was a considerable depletion of dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, while the homovanillic acid content remained almost unchanged. A severe neuronal cell loss was observed in globus pallidus but not in other regions. This is in accordance with results from the most recent neuropathological study of a human suffering from chronic manganese poisoning [Yamada et al. (1986) Acta Neuropathol 70: 273–278] where globus pallidus was devoid of neuronal cells while the content of pigmented cells in substantia nigra was normal. Our data suggest a reduction in number of dopaminergic nerve terminals, as the activity of the dopamine synthesizing enzyme DOPA-decarboxylase was also lowered. In addition to the effects on the dopaminergic system, a reduced content of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid was observed in the putamen and globus pallidus. Moreover neurotensin, a neuropeptide with functional connection to the dopaminergic system, was found to be reduced in the putamen. It was remarkable that all the neurochemical effects seen in the putamen were more or less absent from the caudate nucleus. These observations are discussed in relation to what has been found in Parkinsonian and MPTP-lesioned brains.