高强度聚焦超声联合甲氨蝶呤在瘢痕子宫妊娠行宫腔镜微创清宫术中的应用效果分析

目的 探究采用高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)联合甲氨蝶呤(MTX)在瘢痕子宫妊娠行宫腔镜微创清宫术中的应用效果。方法 选择2018年5月—2019年5月在本院接受宫腔镜治疗的108例瘢痕子宫妊娠患者,依据随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,每组各54例。对照组使用HIFU预处理,研究组则使用HIFU联合MTX的方式预处理,处理后两组均行宫腔镜辅助微创清宫术。通过随访分析比较两组的治疗效果及妊娠结局。结果 研究组术后7 d血清β-HCG水平为(28 598.38±2 176.52)U/L,低于对照组的(32 423.13±2 734.65)U/L,差异有统计学意义(t=8.042,P<0.001);研究组血清β-HCG转阴时间、月经恢复时间、住院时间分别为(21.33±3.78)d、(28.21±3.83)d、(6.53±2.12)d,分别短于对照组的(26.72±4.83)d、(33.82±4.91)d、(9.53±2.67)d,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.458、6.620、6.466,P均<0.001)。两组均随访≥24个月,宫内妊娠、未孕、流产、再次瘢痕子宫妊娠、异位妊娠比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.895,P>0.05);宫内妊娠中足月分娩与早产比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.131,P>0.05),研究组并发症发生率为22.58%,低于对照组的37.50%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.296,P=0.021)。结论 在宫腔镜辅助微创清宫术治疗瘢痕子宫妊娠前使用HIFU联合MTX预处理的效果优于单一使用HIFU预处理,可明显缩短患者血清β-HCG转阴时间、月经恢复时间与住院时间,但对女性的妊娠结局无影响,妇产科临床治疗前可结合患者需求择取最合适的预处理方案。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗瘢痕妊娠患者的疗效分析

目的:比较高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)与HIFU联合甲氨蝶呤(MXT)治疗剖宫产后瘢痕妊娠(CSP)患者的临床疗效。方法:选取瘢痕妊娠患者46例,随机分为HIFU组和联合组,每组各23例。HIFU组患者给予HIFU治疗;联合组患者给予HIFU和MXT治疗。比较两组患者术后血绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)恢复时间、平均住院时间、平均费用和清宫术中出血量的多少。结果:两组患者的疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。联合组患者的血HCG恢复时间、平均住院时间、平均费用明显高于HIFU组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组患者的术中出血量<100 ml、100~200 ml的发生率显著高于HIFU组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:HIFU联合MXT治疗CSP患者的临床效果明显优于单纯HIFU治疗。     

Therapeutic ultrasound: The future of epilepsy surgery?

Epilepsy is one of the leading neurological diseases in both adults and children and in spite of advancement in medical treatment, 20 to 30% of patients remain refractory to current medical treatment. Medically intractable epilepsy has a real impact on a patient's quality of life, neurologic morbidity and even mortality. Actual therapy options are an increase in drug dosage, radiosurgery, resective surgery and non-resective neuromodulatory treatments (deep brain stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation). Resective, thermoablative or neuromodulatory surgery in the treatment of epilepsy are invasive procedures, sometimes requiring long stay-in for the patients, risks of permanent neurological deficit, general anesthesia and other potential surgery-related complications such as a hemorrhage or an infection. Radiosurgical approaches can trigger radiation necrosis, brain oedema and transient worsening of epilepsy. With technology-driven developments and pursuit of minimally invasive neurosurgery, transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound has become a valuable treatment for neurological diseases. In this critical review, we aim to give the reader a better understanding of current advancement for ultrasound in the treatment of epilepsy. By outlining the current understanding gained from both preclinical and clinical studies, this article explores the different mechanisms and potential applications (thermoablation, blood brain barrier disruption for drug delivery, neuromodulation and cortical stimulation) of high and low intensity ultrasound and compares the various possibilities available to patients with intractable epilepsy. Technical limitations of therapeutic ultrasound for epilepsy surgery are also detailed and discussed.     

动态超声造影监测高强度聚焦超声治疗腹部恶性肿瘤疗效的临床价值

 目的 通过比较腹部恶性肿瘤在高强度聚焦超声（high-intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU）治疗前后的动态超声造影（dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound,DCEUS）定量分析曲线及灌注参数,探讨DCEUS技术在HIFU治疗腹部恶性肿瘤疗效随访中的临床应用价值。方法 从2018年9月到2021年5月,前瞻性地纳入计划接受HIFU治疗的腹部恶性肿瘤患者,所有的病灶经穿刺或手术病理证实,且临床诊断为晚期恶性肿瘤。在HIFU开始治疗前1天及4周后分别进行超声造影（contrast enhanced ultrasound,CEUS）检查。Vuebox图像分析软件分析CEUS检查过程并生成时间-强度曲线（time intensity curve,TIC）,并得到定量参数,包括峰值强度（peak enhancement,PE）、上升时间（rise time,RT）、达峰时间（time to peak,TTP）、平均渡越时间（mean transit time, mTT）及曲线下面积（area under curve,AUC）。比较HIFU治疗前后腹部恶性肿瘤病灶大小、CEUS增强-消退表现、TIC曲线、定量参数及肿瘤标志物的差异。结果 本研究最终纳入患者共19例。HIFU治疗前后,患者肿瘤标记物及病灶大小及CEUS表现均无明显变化。DCEUS分析结果显示,相较于HIFU治疗前,HIFU治疗后肿瘤病灶的TIC曲线峰值强度降低、曲线下面积缩小。在所有DCEUS定量参数中,PE ［（32 920.63±24 822.71）a.uvs. （17 296.11±16 570.41） a.u,P=0.001］及AUC［（624 665.28±593 711.71） a.u vs. （309 148.00±366 938.07） a.u,P=0.002］均显著低于治疗前。结论 DCEUS可在评估HIFU治疗腹部恶性肿瘤疗效时监测病灶微循环血流灌注,定量参数PE及AUC是具有潜在意义的评估参数。     

Clinical utility of a microbubble-enhancing contrast (“SonoVue”) in treatment of uterine fibroids with high intensity focused ultrasound: A retrospective study

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical value of the contrast agent SonoVue in the treatment of uterine fibroids with ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapeutic ablation.

Materials and Methods

A total of 291 patients with solitary uterine fibroid from three centers were treated with ultrasound-guided HIFU. Among them, 129 patients from Suining Central Hospital of Sichuan were treated without using SonoVue. 162 patients from the First Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Haifu Hospital were treated with using SonoVue before, during and after HIFU procedure to assess the extent of HIFU.

Results

The non-perfused volume (indicative of successful ablation) was observed in all treated uterine fibroids immediately after HIFU ablation; median fractional ablation, defined as non-perfused volume divided by the fibroid volume immediately after HIFU treatment, was 86.0% (range, 28.8–100.0%) in the group with using SonoVue, and 83.0% (8.7–100.0%) without SonoVue. The rate of massive gray scale changes was higher with SonoVue than without the agent. The sonication time to achieve massive gray scale changes was shorter with SonoVue than without. The sonication time for ablating 1 cm³ of fibroid volume was significantly shorter with using SonoVue than without. No major complications were observed in any patients.

Conclusions

Based on our results, SonoVue may enhance the outcome of HIFU ablation and can be used to assess the extent of treatment.     

高强度聚焦超声联合动脉栓塞治疗恶性实体肿瘤的初步视察

目的：高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）是治疗恶性实体肿瘤的新方法，本文主要探讨HIFU联合TACE治疗恶性肿瘤的近期临床疗效。方法：本文观察了19例HIFU联合TAE/TACE治疗恶性实体肿瘤，14例术中B超监测出现明显回声增强。根据患者术前后的临床症状、B超、肝功能检查、AFP、MRI等评价HIFU的临床疗效。结果：术后AFP呈不同程度下降，MRI示肿瘤体内血供减少，肿瘤有不同程度坏死，部分瘤体直径缩小。仅少数患者有轻度的局部烧伤，无一例严重并发症。结论：HIFU对实体肿瘤有确切疗效，TAE/TACE和HIFU在肿瘤治疗中有协同作用，新鲜碘油沉积可能在其中起较大作用。