一例食道异物迁移致颈部蜂窝组织炎的护理

食道异物在耳鼻喉科各类异物中最为常见,而食道异物迁移穿孔引起食管周围炎及颈部间隙感染、大血管溃破、食管气管瘘等并发症却并不多见.据统计,食道穿孔可引起危及生命的并发症,死亡率为9％～32％[1].我科于2010年12月曾收治一例食道异物穿孔后迁移并发颈部蜂窝组织炎的患者.入院后经积极治疗和精心护理,患者痊愈出院.现将护理报告如下.     

Handheld infrared thermometer to evaluate cellulitis: the HI-TEC study

ObjectivesDifferentiating cellulitis from pseudocellulitis is challenging, and misdiagnosis leads to unnecessary antimicrobial use and increased healthcare expenditure. Clinical diagnosis remains the criterion standard and may involve expert consultation. Our objective was to evaluate the usefulness of a handheld infrared thermometer to improve diagnostic certainty in cases of suspected cellulitis.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study from August 2018 to January 2020 at a tertiary-care hospital in Montreal, Canada. We enrolled adult patients with suspected limb cellulitis. Using the infrared thermometer, we compared the average temperature of the affected area with that of the contralateral limb, and we used Youden's method to determine the optimal temperature difference which best differentiated cellulitis from pseudocellulitis as determined by an independent and blinded infectious diseases specialist. We used bootstrapping to estimate 95% confidence intervals for the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating curve.ResultsOf 65 patients screened for enrolment, 52 patients were recruited (median age: 64 years, IQR 52–76); 39 of these were diagnosed with cellulitis and 13 were not. The mean temperature difference between affected and unaffected limbs was 2.6°C (95%CI 2.1–3.1°C) for patients with cellulitis and 0.4°C (95%CI –1.2°C to 2.1°C) for patients without (p < 0.001). An average temperature difference between limbs of 0.8°C or more was 95% sensitive (95%CI 74–100%) and 69% specific (95%CI 44–95%) for the diagnosis of cellulitis (c-statistic 0.82).ConclusionsIn this proof-of-concept single-centre study, a handheld infrared thermometer was a useful aid to differentiate cellulitis from pseudocellulitis.     

Severe cellulitis caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Achromobacter xylosoxidans (A. xylosoxidans) is an aerobic gram-negative bacillus and often isolated from aquatic environments. It is supposed to cause infections in patients with malignancy or immunodeficiency. It causes various healthcare-associated infections, but cellulitis is rare. Herein, we report the first case of sever cellulitis by A. xylosoxidans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A 49-year-old man underwent allogeneic HSCT from 8/8 HLA-matched unrelated donor with myeloablative conditioning for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. He developed skin chronic graft versus host disease 11 months after HSCT. During the prolonged treatment with prednisolone and cyclosporine, he developed cellulitis on his left leg and admitted to our hospital. Blood and exudate culture revealed A. xylosoxidans. Although empirical therapy with cefepime was ineffective, his symptoms were dramatically improved after administration of meropenem. To our knowledge, this is the first case of A. xylosoxidans cellulitis after allogeneic HSCT. A. xylosoxidans should be considered as a possible cause of cellulitis in post-allogeneic HSCT patients on prolonged immunosuppressive therapy.