经皮肾镜气压弹道超声碎石在肾结石中的效果

目的 B超引导经皮肾镜气压弹道超声联合碎石治疗肾结石的临床效果。方法选择2017年9月-2018年9月医院收治的肾结石患者82例,按照抽签法的要求将其平均分成对照组(41例:B超引导经皮肾镜气压弹道超声治疗)与试验组(41例:输尿管软镜治疗),分析手术时间、住院时间、出血量、结石清除率、结石的残留率。结果试验组的手术时间、住院时间、出血量。优于对照组,数据比较有差异性,P<0.05。对照组的结石清除率高于试验组、结石的残留率低于试验组,相互比较有差异性,P<0.05。结论在肾结石实际治疗期,使用输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗方式。     

Validity of Ultrasound Prediction Equations for Total and Regional Muscularity in Middle-aged and Older Men and Women

To test the validity of published equations, 79 Caucasian adults (40 men and 39 women) aged 50–78 y had muscle thickness (MT) measured by ultrasound at nine sites of the body. Fat-free mass (FFM), lean soft tissue mass (LM) and total muscle mass (TMM) were estimated from MT using equations previously published in the literature. Appendicular LM (aLM) was estimated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and this method served as the reference criterion. There were strong correlations (range r = 0.85–0.94) between DXA-derived aLM and estimated FFM, leg LM or TMM. Total error between DXA-derived aLM and TMM (∼2 kg) was lower compared with the three other selected equations (6–10 kg). A Bland-Altman plot revealed that there was no systematic bias between aLM and TMM; however, the other three equations included systematic error. Our results suggest that an ultrasound equation for TMM is appropriate and useful for evaluating skeletal muscle mass in the body.     

二维及彩色多普勒超声检查下肢动脉粥样硬化的价值

目的探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声在检查下肢动脉粥样硬化中的价值。方法对52例下肢动脉粥样硬化患者，依次从股动脉至足背动脉进行二维结合彩色多普勒超声检查，取最大狭窄段及狭窄后段测定动脉血流收缩期峰值血流速度、舒张期反向血流速度及舒张晚期正向血流速度，观察频谱形态，并与15例健康人对照。结果Ⅰ级狭窄者24例，二维高频发现斑块，频谱多普勒测定上述血流参数值较对照组变化小；Ⅱ-Ⅲ级狭窄者26例，二维高频发现明显斑块，频谱多普勒测定上述血流参数值较对照组明显减低；Ⅳ级狭窄者二例动脉闭塞段无血流显示。结论通过二维及彩色多普勒超声测量及频谱分析可早期诊断下肢动脉粥样硬化，确定动脉狭窄程度及部位，为下肢动脉供血提供量化指标，因此两者结合在下肢动脉硬化诊断中具有重要价值。     

急性阑尾炎B超诊断评价

目的：评估B超对急性阑尾炎的诊断价值。材料与方法：本文分析了100例临床疑诊急性阑尾炎患者的超声及手术、病理资料。结果：超声诊断急性阑尾炎的特异性及阳性预测值较高，对化脓性和环疽性阑尾炎的检出率高。同时也提高了急性阑尾炎的诊断率。结论：超声能准确地揭示阑尾炎的位置及病变程度，利于临床选择合理的治疗及手术方案。     

B超对腹腔实质性脏器外伤急诊检查中的应用

目的:为提高B超对腹腔实质性脏器外伤急诊检查中的诊断价值。方法:对273例腹部实质性脏器外伤急诊患者进行超声检查,并将超声诊断结果与临床诊断结果对比分析。结果:尽管各脏器损伤类型繁多,声像图表现各有特征,但腹部实质性脏器外伤急诊超声显像诊断符合率达为86.4%(236/273),多脏器外伤诊断符合率为93.3%(126/135)。结论:腹部实质性脏器外伤急诊,首选急诊B超检查,诊断符合率高,具有快速、简便、无创、安全等优点,有较高的临床应用价值。     

Evaluating the use of a portable ultrasound machine to quantify intima-media thickness and flow-mediated dilation: agreement between measurements from two ultrasound machines

Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) are intermediate endpoints for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a portable ultrasound machine was capable of valid measurements of FMD and CIMT compared with a clinic-based machine under similar conditions. Vascular images were taken on 23 apparently healthy young adults with the portable type and clinic type instruments. The analyses revealed a high level of agreement between the two machines for measurements of mean [corrected] CIMT (mean difference [MD] = -0.025 mm, limits of agreement [LOA] = -0.080, 0.029 mm), maximum [corrected] CIMT (MD = 0.001 mm, LOA = -0.065, 0.065 mm) and FMD measures of brachial diameter (baseline MD = 0.199 mm, LOA = -0.210, 0.608 mm, maximum MD = 0.218 mm, LOA = -0.162, 0.597 mm). Reasonable agreement was found for %FMD measurements (MD = 0.27%, LOA = -4.91, 5.44%). The within-machine coefficient of variation results for mean [corrected] CIMT (5.0%), maximum [corrected] CIMT (4.3%), baseline (6.3%) and maximum (5.4%) brachial diameter and %FMD (30.1%) were comparable with normal within-subject variation. We conclude that the portable ultrasound machine can provide measurements of FMD and CIMT that are highly comparable with measurements obtained from a clinic-based machine under similar clinical conditions.     

右侧30°半卧位在胶囊内镜检查 中的作用研究

目的 探讨实时监视下右侧30°半卧位在胶囊内镜检查过程中的应用价值。方法 将80例行胶囊内镜检查的受检者按就诊顺序随机分为观察组和对照组，观察组40例，对照组40例。观察组取右侧30°半卧位，对照组取右侧卧位，两组患者吞入胶囊内镜后由内镜医师通过影像工作站实时监控系统判断胶囊所在位置，待胶囊通过幽门后患者可自由活动，对比分析两组受检者胶囊内镜的胃转运时间、小肠转运时间以及全小肠检查完成率的差异。结果 观察组平均胃转运时间为（54.78±28.75）min，明显短于对照组（77.70±42.04）min（U=566.500，P =0.024）；平均小肠转运时间为（254.85±103.57）min，与对照组（246.26±105.48）min比较差异无显著性（t =0.360，P =0.720）；全小肠检查完成率为75.0%（30/40），明显高于对照组的47.5%（19/40）（χ2=4.381，P =0.036）。结论 实时监视下右侧30°半卧位在胶囊内镜检查中具有较好的临床应用价值。     

B-Mode Ultrasound Combined with Color Doppler and Strain Elastography in the Diagnosis of Non-mass Breast Lesions: A Prospective Study

Non-mass breast lesions on ultrasound (US) are areas without an associated mass. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether combining B-mode US with color Doppler US and strain elastography (SE) improves US differentiation between benign and malignant non-mass breast lesions and the decision for biopsy. In this prospective study, three different radiologists analyzed the US images of 77 non-mass lesions independently and recorded Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories for four data sets. The image characteristics and BI-RADS categories of the four data sets were analyzed by another radiologist. The final diagnosis was made on the basis of pathologic findings. Values for area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were compared among the data sets. The AUC of B-mode US combined with both color Doppler US and SE was greater than that of B-mode US alone (0.666 vs. 0.828) (p = 0.011). The specificity of making the decision for biopsy increased from 6.5% to 38.7% when B-mode US was combined with color Doppler and SE, without a statistically significant change in sensitivity (p < 0.001). Combined use of color Doppler and SE could improve the diagnostic value of B-mode US in distinguishing benign from malignant non-mass breast lesions and the specificity of making the decision for biopsy of non-mass breast lesions.     

剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者甲氨蝶呤胎囊注射联合B超监测下清宫术的疗效分析

目的 探究甲氨蝶呤胎囊注射联合B超监测下清宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2014年10月至2017年10月安钢总医院收治的87例剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者临床资料,按治疗方案不同分为对照组（n=43）与试验组（n=44）。对照组患者单纯采取甲氨蝶呤胎囊注射治疗,试验组患者采取甲氨蝶呤胎囊注射联合B超监测下清宫术治疗。对比两组患者的临床效果、月经恢复时间、包块消失时间、血人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）转阴时间、阴道出血时间、住院时间及治疗前、治疗后2个月生活质量评分（SF-36）。结果 试验组治疗后总有效率（88.64%）高于对照组（67.44%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,试验组包块消失时间、血HCG转阴时间、阴道出血时间、住院时间均较短,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者治疗后2个月SF-36评分均提高,且试验组提高水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者予以甲氨蝶呤胎囊注射联合B超监测下清宫术治疗可明显改善临床效果,缩短患者恢复时间,改善患者生活质量。     

43例流行性出血热B超检查结果分析

应用岛津ＳＤＣ－３２型线性电子扫描超声波诊断仪，对４３例临床确诊的流行性出血热患者进行Ｂ超检查，发现均有不同程度的病理声像表现，首次提出了门静脉主干内径增宽现象，并对其临床意义进行探讨。