综合物探方法在天然气高瓦斯隧道超前地质预报中的应用

天然气高瓦斯隧道中的瓦斯不可预见性很大。施工过程中，在遇到隧道洞身段局部岩体节理裂隙发育、围岩破损带、断层处，均可能发生瓦斯逸出甚至瓦斯突涌现象，现场存在很大的瓦斯安全隐患。主要研究了TSP探测、地质雷达、超前钻探等方法在瓦斯隧道施工中的应用情况，多种物探手段与钻探相结合对不良地质体进行综合预测，取得了较好的预报效果，有力保障了现场施工安全。     

淮南市大气颗粒物时空变化特征及成因探讨

淮南是以煤电化为支柱产业的典型能源城市,大气结构性污染十分突出.伴随煤电化"三大基地"与"生态淮南"建设,城市大气环境质量调查研究及预测对实施有效环境管理十分必要.在系统统计淮南市大气颗粒物监测数据基础上,综合剖析了城市多年降尘和TSP的年均值时空分布特征,探讨了大气颗粒物污染成因.     

TSP203超前预报系统探测岩溶隧道的应用研究

在岩溶地区隧道施工过程中,经常遇到溶洞、暗河、断层及突水、突泥等无法预料的地质灾害,给施工带来了重大灾难和无法估计的经济损失.为了保证岩溶地区隧道施工安全,对岩溶的发育情况进行准确及时的超前预报,具有重要的理论意义和重大的工程价值.TSP超前地质预报系统与其他预报方法相比,在准确性和预报距离以及操作可行性等方面都具有一定的优势.基于TSP203 plus 系统对沪(上海)蓉(成都)西高速公路齐岳山隧道进口左洞溶洞进行了预报.对照溶洞实际开挖情况,分析了该系统的实用性和可信性以及在指导施工方面起的重要作用.     

宁波轨道交通育王岭隧道综合地质超前预报实践

育王岭隧道开挖凝灰岩与流纹岩交错出现并夹杂软弱夹层,主要构造杂乱分布,节理裂隙密集发育,对施工有较大的安全隐患。采用TSP、探地雷达和红外探水三种方法进行综合地质超前预报,取得了较好的综合预报效果。     

隧道工程超前地质预报的研究现状及发展趋势

通过了解国内外隧道工程超前地质预报的发展现状及对目前几种常用的超前预报方法的分析,总结出几种常用的隧道超前预报的优缺点及适用范围,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望,探索了计算机技术在隧道超前预报发展中的应用。     

超前地质预报技术在龙潭隧道中的应用研究

该文以龙潭隧道超前地质预报为工程实例,采用TSP、地质雷达、红外探水和超前地质钻孔四种方法,通过不同方法的取长补短成功预报一个特大充填富水型溶洞的位置。总结TSP、地质雷达和红外探水三种物探手段的适用性和局限性,并在实施过程中对其进行科学运用,同时注重超前水平钻孔的验证工作,在高风险岩溶段达到了准确预报不良地质的目的,避免了地质灾害发生。三种物探方法的适用性和局限性的结论,以及不同物探方法相结合并辅以地质钻孔验证的超前地质预报方法,对后续隧道工程的超前地质预报工作具有借鉴意义。     

哈尔滨市大气中TSP、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)相关性分析

对哈尔滨市大气环境中的TSP、PM10、PM2.5进行了采集和质量浓度的分析。实验结果表明:细颗粒(PM2.5)所占比例全年变化比较明显,1月、10月、11月和12月含量较高,均占到总量的55%以上,同时PM2.5/PM10也处于全年最高值,说明此期间细颗粒污染较为严重,环境危害较大;PM10含量全年变化相对稳定,PM10/TSP变化幅度仅为0.71~0.79,说明全年颗粒物质量分布的变化主要由PM2.5和PM2.5-10引起。根据TSP和PM10、PM10和PM2.5之间的相对关系曲线可以看出,两种大气颗粒物均来自相似的污染源,且污染源排放大气颗粒物的粒度分布长期比较稳定,而PM10和PM2.5的相关系数R值为0.973,也具备一定的相关性,可认为两者的变化趋势是一致的。     

Effect of gamma irradiation on structural,morphological and optical properties of thermal spray pyrolysis deposited CuO thin film

This study reports the influences of gamma irradiation (GI) in the range of 20–100 kGy on CuO thin films via thermal spray pyrolysis technique on the glass substrates. The results demonstrate significant influences of GI on the crystallographic, microstructural and optical characteristics of CuO thin films. The obtained XRD results showed that the crystallinity of the films deteriorates by gradually decreasing crystallite size (from 59.13 to 46 nm) as applied gamma doses increases. However, the basic monoclinic crystal structure remains same. The dislocation density and lattice strain increased with the rise of GI absorbed dose due to the creation of defects. The values of number of crystallites per unit surface area increased as dose increased indicating the abundance of crystallization of nano CuO thin films. A UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer was utilized to determine the optical properties and obtained results indicated that the optical energy band gap (OBG) energies reduced from 2.00 to 1.72 eV as the doses increased from 0 to 100 kGy. No distinctions of the monoclinic phase of virgin CuO thin film have been perceived under applied absorbed doses, notwithstanding the slight deterioration of the crystallinity and narrowing the OBG.     

Characterization of an acrylic polymer under hygrothermal aging as an optically clear adhesive for touch screen panels

Optically clear adhesives (OCAs) are key components of touch screen panels (TSPs). It is important that OCAs do not affect the transparent electrodes in TSPs because OCAs are contacted to the transparent electrodes. Therefore, N-vinyl caprolactam (NVC) was incorporated in the composition of an acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) with excluding an acidic component to maintain the cohesion for OCA preparation. With increasing amounts of NVC, the tack and peel strength of UV-cured PSA increased, but high amounts of NVC led to decreased peel strength. The UV-cured PSA films were placed in a high temperature and humidity chamber for 8 weeks to investigate the durability and corrosion property under hygrothermal conditions. In this study, the corrosion test method using copper foil was suggested as a simple and economical method and was used to evaluate the effect of NVC on the corrosion property of PSA. This method helped identify suitable OCAs that do not have corrosive property. PSA films containing more than 20 wt% of NVC promoted the corrosion of copper foil under hygrothermal aging conditions. The caprolactam ring was opened by moisture, and the PSA structure morphed into a polar structure during the aging process. This change caused a glass transition shift, an increase in the storage modulus at the rubbery plateau, and an increase in peel strength. The surface free energy of the PSA films also increased due to the increase in the polar property. However, high amounts of NVC caused a decrease in the peel strength after 8 weeks of aging because of increased molecular interactions.     

大气颗粒物及其组成研究进展(上)

颗粒物是空气中最重要的污染物之一,由于颗粒物表面的吸附作用,其组分非常复杂,其中含有多种有毒有害的化学成分,对大气环境造成不良影响,并危及人体健康。借助大气颗粒物及其组成成分的测定,通过污染源解析分析其来源及影响因素,控制大气颗粒物的排放,对于保证大气环境质量、改善人们的生存环境具有重大意义。本文对此进行综述。着重介绍大气颗粒物及其组成成分、源解析及测量技术的最新进展。