An investigation into the cause of loss of containment from the supply of mini-bulk lubricants

An Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC) was punctured during its handling, releasing oil onto soil at an environmentally-sensitive region of Australia. The telehandler did not pierce the plastic of the IBC directly (as was expected) but rather one of the tynes had caught on the underside of the metal base plate, despite numerous controls being in place at time of spill, revealing a previously unreported mechanism for a fluid spill from handling of petroleum hydrocarbons. The diverse investigation team used a root cause analysis (RCA) technique to identify the underlying cause: the inspection process was inadequate with contributing factors of not using a spotter and design of IBC did not anticipate conditions. Engineering controls were put in place as part of the change management process to help prevent spills from occurring from piercing from telehandler tynes on the current project site.     

Application of Multivariate Data Analysis for Assessing the Early Fate of Petrogenic Compounds in the Marine Environment Following the Baltic Carrier Oil Spill

Multivariate techniques have only rarely been used when considering the fate of complex chemical mixtures in the environment. In this article, a multivariate decomposition method (principal component analysis) has been applied together with univariate methods to assess the early fate of petrogenic compounds in the marine environment following the Baltic Carrier oil spill, Grønsund, Denmark, March 29, 2001. The chemical composition of oil on the beach has changed considerably 138 days after the accident. Both evaporation and degradation are found and the introduction of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria in a laboratory experiment increased the degradation of both PACs and aliphatic compounds. The application of principal component analysis shows promising results, calling for further use of multivariate decomposition or even regression techniques in fate studies.     

动力压井法的参数设计和实施方法

详细研究了动力压井法的参数计算、设计步骤和实施方法，建立了动力压井法理论体系。参数设计的内容包括初始 井液及加重压井液的密度和流量，压井过程主要控制参数（立管压力和所需的最小泵功率等）。流量是动力压井法的核心参数，得出了以平衡地层压力所需的最小流量不和压漏地层的最大流量为上、下限的流量控制范围。     

典型油库的自动化系统

油库自动化系统分为：罐区计量监控系统、定量装车控制系统、消防、安防系统信息管理系统。其中安防系统由视频监控、可燃气体报警、火灾报警、周界防范、电子巡更、门禁构成。罐区计量监控系统、定量装车控制系统、消防、安防系统实现油库的控制功能,信息管理系统实现油库的管理功能。     

Ozone Sparging Closure of an Industrial VOC Spill Site Adjacent to a Water Supply Well Site

Ozone sparging using the KTI C-Sparge? process was performed on an industrial site adjacent to a major water supply well site. Ozone sparging was initiated in February, 2000, and groundwater volatile organic compound concentrations in downgradient wells decreased as much as 95 percent by the end of 2001. From 2003 to closure in 2006, the responsible party continued treatment with monitored attenuation and combined source treatment with a barrier region rather than more aggressively attack plant source areas. Initial remedial actions included source excavation (1996), a Fenton's Reagent flood (1998), followed by ozone sparging. The regulatory agency accepted ozone sparging for source treatment and temporary barrier as the most desirable alternative. Monitored attenuation was not acceptable without source reduction and elimination. Continued operation of the facility progressed during remedial treatment. Closure was obtained with the region achieving MCLs (Minimum Contaminant Levels) at the operational water supply wells and on the industrial site boundary. Final groundwater removal was in excess of 99%. No adverse water quality impacts were found during treatment at the water supply wellheads.     

基于OILMAP的中国舟山港溢油管理信息系统

该文详细介绍了基于美国ASA(AppliedScienceAssociates ,Inc .)公司的溢油轨迹模拟软件OILMAP建立的“中国舟山港溢油模拟信息系统”的组成、功能和特点 ,并用实例说明了其使用方法。     

Surveillance of hazardous substances releases due to system interruptions, 2002

The Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system collected information on 9014 acute hazardous substance releases in 15 participating states in 2002. There were 3749 fixed-facility manufacturing events, of which 2100 involved "interruptions" to normal processing and 1649 "comparisons" that did not involve interruption. Equipment failure (69%) or intentional acts (20%) were the main root factor. Many events occurred in October and November in three states (Texas, Louisiana, and New Jersey), in three manufacturing industries (industrial and miscellaneous chemicals; petroleum refining; and plastics, synthetics, and resins). In interruption events, the substance categories most often released were mixtures, other inorganic substances, and volatile organic compounds and those most often causing injury were acids, chlorine, bases, and ammonia. Comparison events resulted in more acutely injured persons (408 versus 59) and more evacuees (11,318 versus 335) than interruption events and therefore may receive more public health attention. Because of the large number of interruption events, targeted prevention activities, including management of change procedures, lessons-learned implementation, process hazards analysis, and appropriate protection for workers could be economically advantageous and improve environmental quality. Efforts should focus on the identified areas of greater occurrence. The relationship of weather and equipment failure with interruption events needs further investigation.     

基于Web的溢油仿真系统的研究

海上溢油的危险系数越来越高,给生态环境和经济发展带来巨大威胁。为更好地防范海上溢油,提出一种基于Web的溢油仿真系统。采用系统仿真能力强大的Matlab和简化溢油模型,用Matlab Web Server构建B/S模式的服务器,提供方便快捷的海上溢油仿真分析。实践表明,该系统使用便捷、可扩展性较好。     

基于海域船舶溢油风险管理的研究

将风险管理理念引入海域防治船舶溢油污染领域,为预防船舶溢油提供一套新的溢油风险管理框架。以风险管理理念为基础,从风险预防的角度出发,通过危险源识别、风险估计、风险评价和风险控制四个环节的循环操作,实现以最小成本获得最大安全保障。     

基于NOAA18的渤海烟台海域溢油遥感研究

概述了海洋溢油监测的国内外研究现状,并指出了研究的切入点和研究意义所在。研究采用的是NOAA18的数据,由于溢油区域与非溢油区域的比热容不同,从而引起海表面的辐射发生变化,反映在卫星图片上是灰度值不同。因此利用发生溢油区域在卫星图片上的灰度值不同而呈现出深色区域,进而在卫星图片上找出疑似溢油区域,再进行人工解译,进一步确定溢油的发生区域。以烟台“金玫瑰”号溢油事故为例,综合考虑烟台海域水文因素等,分析得出溢油发生的范围。