Bee Bread Ameliorates Vascular Inflammation and Impaired Vasorelaxation in Obesity-Induced Vascular Damage Rat Model: The Role of eNOS/NO/cGMP-Signaling Pathway

Obesity and hyperlipidemia are major risk factors for developing vascular diseases. Bee bread (BB) has been reported to exhibit some biological actions, including anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic. This study aims to investigate whether bee bread can ameliorate vascular inflammation and impaired vasorelaxation activity through eNOS/NO/cGMP pathway in obese rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10/group), namely: control (normal group), obese rats (OB group), obese rats treated with bee bread (0.5 g/kg/day, OB/BB group) and obese rats treated with orlistat (10 mg/kg/day, OB/OR group). The latter three groups were given a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induced obesity before being administered with their respective treatments for another 6 weeks. After 12 weeks of the total experimental period, rats in the OB group demonstrated significantly higher Lee obesity index, lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein), aortic proinflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-κβ), aortic structural damage and impairment in vasorelaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh). Bee bread significantly ameliorated the obesity-induced vascular damage manifested by improvements in the lipid profile, aortic inflammatory markers, and the impaired vasorelaxation activity by significantly enhancing nitric oxide release, promoting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) immunoexpression. These findings suggest that the administration of bee bread ameliorates the impaired vasorelaxation response to ACh by improving eNOS/NO/cGMP-signaling pathway in obese rats, suggesting its vascular therapeutic role.     

Progressive NO2 Sensors with Rapid Alarm and Persistent Memory-Type Responses for Wide-Range Sensing Using Antimony Triselenide Nanoflakes

Antimony triselenide (Sb₂Se₃) nanoflake-based nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) sensors exhibit a progressive bifunctional gas-sensing performance, with a rapid alarm for hazardous highly concentrated gases, and an advanced memory-type function for low-concentration (<1 ppm) monitoring repeated under potentially fatal exposure. Rectangular and cuboid shaped Sb₂Se₃ nanoflakes, comprising van der Waals planes with large surface areas and covalent bond planes with small areas, can rapidly detect a wide range of NO₂ gas concentrations from 0.1 to 100 ppm. These Sb₂Se₃ nanoflakes are found to be suitable for physisorption-based gas sensing owing to their anisotropic quasi-2D crystal structure with extremely enlarged van der Waals planes, where they are humidity-insensitive and consequently exhibit an extremely stable baseline current. The Sb₂Se₃ nanoflake sensor exhibits a room-temperature/low-voltage operation, which is noticeable owing to its low energy consumption and rapid response even under a NO₂ gas flow of only 1 ppm. As a result, the Sb₂Se₃ nanoflake sensor is suitable for the development of a rapid alarm system. Furthermore, the persistent gas-sensing conductivity of the sensor with a slow decaying current can enable the development of a progressive memory-type sensor that retains the previous signal under irregular gas injection at low concentrations.     

两种波长激光血管内照射生物效应比较

目的：研究同等照射条件的低强度532nm与633nm激光血管内照射生物效应的特点。方法：用532nm和633nm激光对健康大耳白家兔血管内照射，平均照射功率均设定在5mW左右，照射总能量约12J。两组家兔均于照前及照后1d、4d、7d、11d采集外周血，检测血浆ET、NO、MDA含量和SOD活性。结果：两组家兔上述各指标随照后时间的变化规律相似，经方差分析组间各指标都没有显著性差异。结论：同等照射条件下，低强度532nm与633nm激光照射血液的生物效应相似。     

NO emission characteristics in counterflow diffusion flame of blended fuel of H2/CO2/Ar

Flame structure and NO emission characteristics in counterflow diffusion flame of blended fuel of H₂/CO₂/Ar have been numerically simulated with detailed chemistry. The combination of H₂, CO₂ and Ar as fuel is selected to clearly display the contribution of hydrocarbon products to flame structure and NO emission characteristics due to the breakdown of CO₂. A radiative heat loss term is involved to correctly describe the flame dynamics especially at low strain rates. The detailed chemistry adopts the reaction mechanism of GRI 2.11, which consists of 49 species and 279 elementary reactions. All mechanisms including thermal, NO₂, N₂O and Fenimore are taken into account to separately evaluate the effects of CO₂ addition on NO emission characteristics. The increase of added CO₂ quantity causes flame temperature to fall since at high strain rates a diluent effect is prevailing and at low strain rates the breakdown of CO₂ produces relatively populous hydrocarbon products and thus the existence of hydrocarbon products inhibits chain branching. It is also found that the contribution of NO production by N₂O and NO₂ mechanisms are negligible and that thermal mechanism is concentrated on only the reaction zone. As strain rate and CO₂ quantity increase, NO production is remarkably augmented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高温陶瓷窑炉内影响N0x生成若干因素分析

简要分析了燃料燃烧过程中NOx的生成机理,从陶瓷工艺角度着重讨论了燃料特性、过剩空气系数、一次风率、二次风率、燃烧温度以及烟气停留时间等若干因素对NOx生成的影响.     

风包粉系列浓淡煤粉燃烧技术的研究

总结了哈尔滨工业大学15年来对浓淡煤粉燃烧技术的研究成果，阐述了浓淡煤粉燃烧技术的原理及所具有的风包粉流动特点，并通过工业试验验证了风包粉原理。针对我国电站锅炉燃煤的特点，提出了需要解决的5个问题，指出了浓淡燃烧技术的发展方向。     

车载激光雷达探测低层大气中NO_2

在北京城区和城郊利用第二代车载测污激光雷达(AML-2)进行了外场测量实验,利用差分吸收技术从垂直、水平方向分别给出了低层大气中污染物NO2的典型测量数据。结果表明:城区的NO2浓度明显高于城郊地区的水平,并且也证实了利用该系统可以有效地监测低层大气的污染情况,为空气中有害气体的光学遥测提供了有效的测量手段。     

低工作温度的氧化钨气敏材料

本文报道了一种可以在１００℃左右工作的氢化钨气敏材料，它对氢气和一氧化氮有很高的灵敏度和良好的选择性，并可对空气中的一氧化氮进行探测     

The desorption of O2 during NO and N2O decomposition on Cu- and Fe-zeolites

The decomposition of NO and of N₂O over a CuZSM-5 zeolite and a Fe-mordenite, respectively, has been studied using tracer techniques. The results demonstrate the high mobility of the lattice oxygen ions in self-diffusion. They afford a possible explanation for the problem of how two extralattice oxygens located at positions remote from each other may combine to form the O₂ molecules which are spontaneously desorbed in these redox reactions. They show that a portion of the lattice oxygen mixes into the O₂ released on decomposition. The data also show that N¹⁸O and N₂ ¹⁸O undergo exchange with the catalyst oxygen under reaction conditions.On leave from Central Research Institute for Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary.