Creating Inclusive Communities through Balancing Social Mix: A Critical Relationship or Tenuous Link?

This paper explores some fundamental assumptions being linked by State Housing Authorities to 'social mix' strategies in contemporary Australian public housing estate regeneration policy. Six case-study estates, two each in New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland form the basis for the empirical analysis. The two major ideas emerging from South Australian and Queensland projects are: first that lowering concentrations of public housing and developing more mixed income communities offers a means to reconnect socially excluded public housing tenants to mainstream society; second that a balanced social mix is a prerequisite for the development of 'inclusive', 'sustainable' and 'cohesive' communities. However, in light of the empirical findings that strong cohesive communities already exist on some estates prior to regeneration commencing, there is no evidence that a balanced social mix is a necessary condition for building inclusive communities. Coupled with findings in the projects of inadvertent negative consequences of implementing social mix policies, the paper questions whether policy makers are over-emphasising the extent to which social mix assists regeneration.     

Adhesion and Cohesion Characteristics of Sewage Sludge During Drying

The stickiness of sludge during the drying process is an effect of its adhesion and cohesion. Furthermore, the adhesion and cohesion characteristics of sludge are comprehensive results of sludge components and their correlation with moisture. This work presents a simple method to test the adhesion and cohesion characteristics of sludge during the drying process based on the Jenike shear test. The results show that the most significant sludge adhesion and cohesion emerges at a moisture content of approximately 45 to 70% and 30 to 60%, respectively, and at a heating temperature of 120°C. An increase of the heating temperature to 200°C only brings a small movement to the sticky range location. The possible reasons for sludge adhesion and cohesion are discussed based on the results of sludge component analysis. The contributions of mineral materials with tiny particle sizes and metal salts to the adhesion and cohesion are discussed in this study because the contribution of organic matter has been widely demonstrated. The adhesion and cohesion nature of sludge exhibits a large effect on its drying characteristics. A remarkable fluctuation of both the drying rate and stirring power, located between the first and second falling rate period, is observed when the adhesion force of sludge reaches the maximum. When the sludge cohesion force decreases to approximately 3800 N/m², sludge bulks are broken with the stirring of paddles.     

Agglomeration Mechanism of Nanoparticles by Adding Coarse Fluid Catalytic Cracking Particles

The agglomeration mechanism of SiO₂, TiO₂, and ZnO nanoparticles by adding coarse fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particles is studied. The core‐shell structure of agglomerates is revealed on the basis of experimental analyses. Nanoparticles can be fluidized by forming agglomerates of the core‐shell structure with coarse FCC particles. The porosity of core‐shell structure agglomerates and the average roundness value were found to be distinctly lower than those of pure nanoparticle agglomerates. In addition, the cohesion of the core‐shell structure agglomerates is far less than that of the agglomerates formed by pure nanoparticles. Due to the smaller porosity, irregular shape, and relatively low cohesion, the fluidization behavior of core‐shell structure agglomerates is better than that of pure nanoparticle agglomerates.     

EU regional development policy and territorial capital: A systemic approach

The territorial capital of regions is an important determinant of growth, but also of the impact of EU Cohesion Policy. First, because it can act as a filter, enhancing the impact of regional policies. Second, the latter can help building territorial capital which, in turn, will foster regional development. This work analyses the medium and long-run relationship between the territorial capital of EU NUTS 3 regions and Cohesion Policy using data from the programming period 2000–2006. Results point out complementarities between different territorial assets of regions and the impact of EU regional policy: Cohesion Policy effectiveness is higher when investments are focused on the assets complementary to those already abundant in the region.     

采用通用有限元法分析组合板的剪切机理

混凝土-冷弯异型钢组合板的强度取决于钢-混凝土界面的纵向剪切破坏。在目前设计过程中,通常采用的纵向剪切强度设计方法,如them-k法和部分交互法,均基于足尺试验,经济性差,耗时长,且仍是半经验的。建立组合板的通用有限元法,将钢-混凝土剪切面作为接触问题,考虑粘贴和摩擦。在分析模型中考虑几何非线性和材料非线性。进行推出试验,验证初步有限元分析,并考虑接触面的粘贴和摩擦。采用本接触模型对组合板的受弯性能进行有限元分析。通过对比组合板的推出试验和弯曲试验,对基于非线性接触理论的有限元分析进行验证。结果表明:基于界面接触模型的有限元分析与试验结果吻合较好,可用于分析组合板的性能和极限承载力。     

Handling properties of cereal materials in the presence of moisture and oil

A powder flow analyzer attached to a Texture Analyser (Stable Micro Systems, UK) was used to compare the flow behaviour of four cereals systems: maize and wheat (in both starch and flour forms), as functions of particle size and distribution, water content and the addition of different types of oil. It was expected that the smaller the particle size the higher the tendency to stick (because of less free volume between the particles), but that was not the case. The results showed that wheat starch used, with bigger particle size than maize starch, had higher cohesion properties and as water content increases the cohesion increases by the same magnitude. This was attributed to the differences in granular shape as well as protein quantity and quality. Caking strength for both starches was influenced by the water content; in particular at 30% water content (w/w), neither cohesion nor caking indices could be measured for wheat starch because of the high stickiness of the particles.Although the two flours had particles of very similar sizes, with differences in the distributions only, maize showed higher cohesion indices compared to wheat flour. These values decreased with increasing water content. The caking property for maize was not significantly affected by water content with values of approximately 100 ± 5. The caking strength increased for wheat flour from 8 to 500 as moisture increased from 12.5 to 30%. This was ascribed to the differences in hydration properties of the two flours. For wheat flour and as the water content increased, gluten started to form and would require more than 30% to form a homogenous, visco-elastic mass.Generally, cohesivity and cake forming ability were affected by water content as well as the physical state of the oil i.e. by the solid/liquid ratios. As water content increases, wheat starch showed the greatest packing and cohesive behaviour, with and without the oil, while maize flour exhibited the weakest packing and cohesive properties.     

IDENTIFYING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

This article provides certain fairly rigorous, although still heuristic, methods for identifying the functional components of systems in such a way as to facilitate making relationships between the components and the overall system. Based on the definitions of function commonly used, making such a relationship is not always as easy as it could be made. Specific matters discussed herein include the following: functions and objectives-oriented thinking; logical versus physical thinking; functional outputs versus functional objectives; functional objectives versus system mission; directness of relationship to an objective; relationships between multiple functional objectives; distinguishing specific objectives within more general ones; the need to develop a consistent set of terms; etc.     

Shear decohesion of clamped abraded steel interfaces reinforced with epoxy adhesive

This paper presents an experimental assessment of quasi-static shear strength of the combined mechanically clamped and epoxy adhesive reinforced steel interfaces. The effect of the surface roughness and clamping load on the combined interfacial decohesion and slipping is investigated. The maximum shear strength of the adhesive reinforced specimens with fine ground, coarse ground and grit blasted contact surface finishes is reported with comparison to the results of the identical non-reinforced specimens. Results have been assessed both in terms of calculated fracture energy and interface decohesion. The bonded interfaces with grit blasted finish showed considerably higher maximum shear stresses as compared to the identical ground cases. The shear strength contributions of strong clamping and reinforcing conformed well to the principle of superposition for all experimented interface types.     

NEW MEASUREMENTS OF THE STICKY BEHAVIOR OF SKIM MILK POWDER

The drying of sugar-rich foodstuffs is often complicated by depositions on the walls of spray dryers, due to the stickiness of the products. This material property has been found to depend on both product temperature and moisture content and undergoes a rapid change from non-sticky behaviour to sticky behaviour with only a small change in these parameters. In this investigation, this so-called sticky point is measured for skim milk powder by measuring the cohesive force between stirred particles in a heated flask. The line separating the sticky and the non-sticky regions is given as a function of bulk temperature and moisture content. For the temperature range from 25 to 95°C investigated here, the line shows good agreement with the predicted glass transition temperature for lactose, shifted up by 23.3 K. This information can then be used in CFD simulations carried out to model the build-up of wall depositions inside spray drying chambers. As a first order approximation to estimate the behaviour of a particle impacting on a wall, sticky particles can be assumed to adhere to the wall, whereas non-sticky particles can be considered to bounce off it.     

超深裂缝性厚层改造效果影响因素分析与高效改造对策

针对塔里木油田超深裂缝性厚层改造效果不理想问题,分析确定了影响储层改造效果的主要因素及其影响规律,提出了储层高效改造对策。地质力学研究结果认为影响裂缝开启的因素主要有储层天然裂缝产状、储层地应力、改造时引起的孔隙压力增量、天然裂缝走向与最大主应力方向夹角、裂缝内聚力等。高角度天然裂缝容易发生剪切破坏开启;改造时孔隙压力增量越大、最大最小主地应力差越大,天然裂缝就越易剪切破坏开启;天然裂缝走向与最大主应力方向夹角越小,天然裂缝就越易剪切破坏开启;裂缝内聚力对裂缝开启率的影响较大,降低裂缝内聚力可大幅度增加裂缝开启率,裂缝内聚力从14MPa降低到0MPa,天然裂缝开启率从11.5%增加到71.2%,裂缝开启率增加59.7%。油藏数模研究表明提高储层纵向动用程度比提高储层横向动用程度更有利于提高单井产能。现场通过暂堵和大排量泵注提高井底压力,前置酸酸化降低裂缝内聚力,利于增加天然裂缝的开启率、加入可降解暂堵材料提高储层动用程度、改善增产改造效果,实现了储层高效改造的目的。