首页 | 官方网站   微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   4804篇
  免费   311篇
  国内免费   161篇
工业技术   5276篇
  2024年   1篇
  2023年   40篇
  2022年   80篇
  2021年   78篇
  2020年   130篇
  2019年   142篇
  2018年   149篇
  2017年   161篇
  2016年   166篇
  2015年   159篇
  2014年   285篇
  2013年   490篇
  2012年   300篇
  2011年   467篇
  2010年   361篇
  2009年   350篇
  2008年   312篇
  2007年   278篇
  2006年   230篇
  2005年   179篇
  2004年   170篇
  2003年   138篇
  2002年   112篇
  2001年   89篇
  2000年   50篇
  1999年   51篇
  1998年   41篇
  1997年   34篇
  1996年   29篇
  1995年   37篇
  1994年   34篇
  1993年   30篇
  1992年   21篇
  1991年   13篇
  1990年   8篇
  1989年   19篇
  1988年   4篇
  1987年   7篇
  1986年   3篇
  1985年   9篇
  1984年   9篇
  1983年   3篇
  1982年   4篇
  1981年   2篇
  1979年   1篇
排序方式: 共有5276条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The corrosion mechanisms of T24, T92, VM12, and AISI 304 steels are studied under the influence of NaCl–KCl, NaCl–Na2SO4, and KCl–K2SO4 salt mixtures in a dry air atmosphere at 650°C for 15 days. NaCl–KCl was the most aggressive deposit and AISI 304 stainless steel exhibited the highest corrosion resistance. There was no relation between the Cr content of the ferritic steels and their corrosion resistance in NaCl–KCl. In contrast, the resistance of high-Cr steels was better when exposed to NaCl–Na2SO4 and KCl–K2SO4. The high-Cr and the low-Cr steels were more susceptible to NaCl–Na2SO4 and to KCl–K2SO4, respectively.  相似文献   
2.
秦兴林 《中国矿业》2021,30(4):157-161
为研究煤的多孔介质属性及其分形特征,以山西沁水盆地西山煤田为研究对象,采用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了煤表面孔隙结构特征。基于SEM图片,通过盒维数法计算得到了不同煤样表面孔隙分形维数,并分析了其影响因素。研究结果表明:煤表面具有显著的分形特征,分形理论能够较好地描述煤孔隙结构复杂程度;在本测试煤样中,不同煤样分形维数值在1.33~1.92范围内变化;变质程度、水分、埋深、坚固性系数(f值)对煤孔隙分形维数有显著影响,随Ro和埋深的增加煤体表面孔隙趋于复杂化,分形维数值不断增大;而水分和灰分的存在使得煤体表面变得相对光滑,能够减小分形维数值。分形维数是衡量煤孔隙复杂程度的有效参数,在煤矿现场瓦斯防治中,对于具有高分形维数的煤体,应该引起重视。这类煤体往往破坏程度较高,具有强吸附性,孔隙连通性差,瓦斯抽采困难,在煤炭开采过程中,容易导致煤与瓦斯突出、瓦斯涌出等灾害。  相似文献   
3.
Walnut flour (WF), a by-product of walnut oil production, is characterised by high polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and fibre contents and presents suitability for bakery products. However, when using non-traditional ingredients, it is essential to evaluate the effect on the quality properties of the final product. So, this work aimed to assess the impact of WF on the technological, physicochemical, and sensory properties of gluten-free (GF) cakes. WF was added at a flour blend (cassava (CS) and maize (MS) starches and rice flour) at 0, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The results showed that WF modified starch gelatinisation, increased amylose–lipid complex (ALC) content, and made crumbs easier to chew. Besides, the total dietary fibre (TDF) and protein content significantly increased. Cakes with 15% WF presented the highest specific volume (SV) and no differences in overall acceptability with respect to control. Hence, WF is a suitable ingredient for gluten-free bakery products.  相似文献   
4.
为探究柑橘果肉在风味吸附方面的机制,测定了甜橙果肉粉的成分构成、氮气吸附-脱附等温线,采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)观察了其微观结构,采用气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)测试分析了其对橙油风味物质的吸附性能。成分分析结果表明甜橙果肉粉主要由膳食纤维(51.87%±3.12%)、蛋白质(20.47%±0.58%)、脂肪(11.33%±1.60%)、淀粉(4.06%±0.59%)构成。SEM观察结果及氮气吸附-脱附等温线分析结果表明,甜橙果肉粉复合物中存在丰富的褶皱和缝隙等不规则结构,比表面积达2.98 m2/g。GC-MS测试分析结果表明,甜橙果肉粉对橙油典型香气成分例如柠檬烯、γ-萜品烯、β-月桂烯、β-水芹烯、芳樟醇、辛醛、壬醛等有明显的吸附作用,尤其与直链脂肪醛、含氧萜类衍生物的相互作用较明显,而对α-蒎烯、桧烯等双环单萜类成分的吸附作用相对较弱。综上,甜橙果肉粉中各组成成分交联而成的褶皱和缝隙结构是其发挥风味吸附作用的重要基础,研究结果可为进一步开发利用甜橙果肉提供参考。  相似文献   
5.
6.
为了表征二维混凝土的传输过程,制备厚度为1 mm的混凝土薄片. 采用X射线透射成像(TXR)技术,联合扫描电镜、背散射和能谱分析技术(SEM/BSE/EDS)原位追踪水在2维混凝土薄片中的毛细自吸过程. 测试不同质量分数CsCl溶液对X射线透射图像的增强效果. 结果表明,CsCl能够提高吸水过程中混凝土薄片的TXR图像对比度,使得水在混凝土中的渗流路径更清晰、可辨. 水泥浆体在吸收CsCl后,扫描电子背散射图像的对比度显著增强. 不同位置铯原子的EDS能谱结果验证了TXR技术确定吸水前锋位置的准确性.  相似文献   
7.
贵金属超细丝材常用于精密电子功能器件的关键位置,但由于其加工成品尺寸微细传统技术无法准确表征超细丝材的微观精细结构。采用聚焦离子束-电子背散射衍射(FIB-EBSD)联用的超细丝材截面制样与表征方法,精确表征出了4种不同材质贵金属超细丝材的晶粒、取向、织构以及晶界等微观结构信息;而3D EBSD三维重构技术将微观结构分析实现为3D动态过程,更加直观地反应出超细丝材的真实微观结构信息。  相似文献   
8.
赤铁矿絮凝体SEM图像的三维重建是观察絮凝体内部结构的重要方法,对于研究絮凝体的絮凝效果具有重要的作用。通过冷冻真空干燥法对絮凝体试样进行处理,并利用扫描电镜获取了赤铁矿絮凝体的SEM图像,应用MATLAB软件对试验获取的赤铁矿絮凝体SEM图像首先进行预处理,降低无关因素对图像的影响,为后续三维重建奠定了基础,并通过对三维数据的提取,三维显示效果的设置等,实现了赤铁矿絮凝体SEM图像的三维重建。结果表明:重建后的三维图像具有比较好的立体显示效果,可以更加直观地观测出颗粒的和孔隙的起伏程度,图像中黄色凸起的部分是颗粒,蓝色凹下去的部分是孔隙,颗粒集中于图像的中央,孔隙分布在颗粒中间和图像的边缘。重建后的三维图像,为后续研究絮凝体的三维孔隙率和三维分形维数提供了重要的依据。  相似文献   
9.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(11):15043-15055
This work reports magnetic permeability and ammonia gas sensing characteristics of La3+ substituted Co–Zn nano ferrites possessing chemical formula Co0.7Zn0.3LaxFe2-2xO4 (x = 0–0.1) synthesized by a sol-gel route. Refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the ferrite powders by the Rietveld technique has revealed the creation of single-phase spinel structure. The tenancy of constituent cations at tetrahedral/octahedral sites was obtained from the refinement of XRD. The crystallite sizes calculated from the W–H method vary from 20 to 24 nm. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) profiles of the ferrite samples were analyzed for the morphological details. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) patterns of the samples were obtained to test the elemental purity of the ferrites within their stoichiometry. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the ferrite (x = 0.1) exhibits the spherical and oval shaped particles with a mean size of 20 nm. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra were analyzed to confirm the superseding of La3+ cations at octahedral sites. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis of nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of the ferrites was performed to investigate the porous structure and to determine the surface area of the nanocrystalline ferrites. The oxidation states of the constituent ions were confirmed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The complex permeability as a function of frequency was studied to explore the effects of structural parameters on the magnetic behaviour of the ferrites. Analysis of gas sensing properties of the ferrites have proved that the Co–Zn–La ferrite with controlled La composition can be utilized as an effective ammonia gas sensing material in commercial gas sensors.  相似文献   
10.
The purpose of this paper is to find some general rules for the design of robust scintillation electron detectors for a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that possesses an efficient light-guiding (LG) system. The paper offers some general instructions on how to avoid the improper design of highly inefficient LG configurations of the detectors. Attention was paid to the relevant optical properties of the scintillator, light guide, and other components used in the LG part of the scintillation detector. Utilizing the optical properties of the detector components, 3D Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of photon transport efficiency in the simple scintillation detector configurations were performed using the computer application called SCIUNI to assess shapes and dimensions of the LG part of the detector. The results of the simulation of both base-guided signal (BGS) configurations for SE detection and edge-guided signal (EGS) configurations for BSE detection are presented. It is demonstrated that the BGS configuration with a matted disc scintillator exit side connected to the cylindrical light guide without optical cement is almost always a sufficiently efficient system with a mean LG efficiency of about 20%. It is simulated that poorly designed EGS strip configurations have an extremely low mean LG efficiency of only 0.01%, which can significantly reduce detector performance. On the other hand, no simple nonoptimized EGS configuration with a light guide widening to a circular or square profile, with a polished cemented scintillator and with an indispensable hole in it has a mean LG efficiency lower than 6.5%.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司    京ICP备09084417号-23

京公网安备 11010802026262号