重庆五座水厂水的有机物致突变活性比较

采用固相萃取技术（GDX-120大孔树脂）于春、夏、冬季对以嘉陵江为水源的A厂和B厂，以长江为源的C厂和D厂以及以两江汇水为水源的E厂提取进厂水和出厂水中的有机物，以Ames试验评估其致突变活性。结果表明：①现行水处理工艺在低温季节及源水污染较为严重的情况下可降低出厂水的致突变活性，而在高温季节及源水污染不太严重的情况下可导致出厂水的致突变活性升高；②以嘉陵江为水源的水厂出水致突变危害均高于以长江为水源的水厂出水；③水中有机物的致突变活性以移码型为主，TA98是测试的敏感菌株。     

Fate of trace organics during rapid infiltration of primary wastewater at Fort Devens, Massachusetts

Transport and fate of trace organics were studied during rapid infiltration of primary wastewater at a land application facility in Fort Devens, Massachusetts. A preliminary sampling trip was made to compare trace organic concentrations in the infiltrating wastewater and in ground water samples from three monitoring wells around the site. Trace organic concentrations were reduced by the rapid infiltration process. However, significant concentrations of specific compounds could be detected in ground water down-gradient of the site.Therefore, a field study was undertaken to determine the primary region where trace organics were removed in the system. Teflon monitoring wells were installed at a depth of 1.2 m in one of the basins at the site prior to flooding. Flooding was initiated and samples of the raw wastewater, the wastewater entering the basin, the infiltrate at 1.2-m depth and the ground water down-gradient of the site were analyzed for six compounds selected for the study.Results from replicate samples during the 6-day flooding period demonstrated that most of the removal for the six compounds occurred in the top meter of the soil, although concentrations of each compound increased substantially in the basin infiltrate from two of the sample points after the fourth day of flooding. No removal of p-dichlorobenzene, p-(I,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol and 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole was apparent in the aquifer itself, as indicated by relatively high concentrations of these compounds in the contaminated monitoring well down-gradient of the site.These data indicate that trace organic concentrations in primary effluent can be reduced by rapid infiltration and that most of the removal occurs in the top meter of the soil during the early phase of the flooding cycle. This removal capability can rapidly diminish, however, and result in ground water contamination by trace organics above background levels.     

Chlorinated organics from chlorine used in water treatment

The contribution from impurities in chlorine to levels of chlorinated organics found in potable water after chlorination was investigated. Techniques for sampling of chlorine and gas chromatography (GC) determination of chlorinated organics in chlorine are described. The detection limits were better than 1 ppm for each of chloromethane, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, hexachloroethane, hexachloropropane and hexachlorobenzene in chlorine. With the exception of chloroform which occasionally accounted for nearly 1 μg l⁻¹ in water, the levels of the nine compounds in chlorine accounted for less than 0.1 μg l⁻¹ of each compound in chlorinated water from 10 Canadian treatment plants. The occurrence of these nine and 28 additional chlorinated organics previously detected in water supplies was determined by aid of liquid-liquid extraction of water samples. Seven compounds, including chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene were detected, usually at levels ranging from 0.1 to 1 μg l⁻¹ in chlorinated water from the treatment plant.     

拜耳法铝酸钠溶液中有机物脱除研究进展及化学氧化法应用展望

拜耳法铝酸钠溶液中的有机物将影响氧化铝产品质量、生产顺行,而如何经济、高效地对拜耳法铝酸钠溶液中有机物进行脱除至今仍是亟待解决的行业难题。综述了拜耳法铝酸钠中有机物的来源、积累、危害及其脱除的研究进展,重点分析了工艺简单、清洁环保的化学氧化技术用于拜耳法铝酸钠溶液中有机物脱除的研究现状,并对光—化学催化氧化技术在铝酸钠溶液中有机物的脱除进行了展望。     

三维电极-铁炭微电解法组合工艺处理黄连素废水

该文研究了三维电极-铁炭微电解复合法对难降解有机物黄连素模拟废水的处理.结果表明三维电极电解技术对黄连素具有较高的脱色效果,在最佳处理条件下黄连素废水脱色率为95％,而COD的去除率仅为38.5％.三维电极与铁炭微电解法复合处理,则可以明显提高黄连素模拟废水COD去除率和废水的可生化性.在最佳条件下COD去除率达到72...     

活性无烟煤过滤去除有机物的性能研究

通过小试试验研究了活性无烟煤过滤对水中有机物的去除效果.试验结果表明,活性无烟煤过滤能有效去除浊度,出水浊度小于0.5NTU,与传统滤料石英砂和无烟煤的过滤效果相当;反冲洗周期为6 d时,活性无烟煤过滤对TOC和UV<,254>均能稳定去除,平均去除率分别为33.4%和43.6%;反冲洗周期为28 h的长期运行过程中,...     

NiO掺杂InVO4光催化降解甲酸水溶液产氢的研究

以有机污染物为电子供体可达到制氢与治污的双重目标.通过高温固相法制备了新型NiO/InVO4复合光催化剂.采用XRD,SEM,UV-VIS,BET等测试手段对复合光催化剂的物理和光学性质进行了表征,考察了NiO/InVO4复合光催化剂降解甲酸水溶液制氢的光催化反应.结果表明:NiO/InVO4复合光催化剂为正交晶相结构...     

压缩式热泵精馏中的工质选择

热泵精馏是一项高效节能技术。本文分析了压缩式热泵精馏中不同类型工质应用的特点,比较了它们的实际适用条件,这埘推广热泵精馏的工业应用有一定的指导意义。     

响应面法优化电解芬顿协同法深度处理老龄垃圾渗滤液

采用电解芬顿法深度处理老龄垃圾渗滤液,选取电量、进水 pH 值、进水氨氮浓度3个因素为变量,CODCr 去除率为响应值进行 Box-Behnken 中心组合设计。利用响应面法对试验结果进行分析,建立了 CODCr 去除率为响应值的二阶多项式模型并进行了方差分析和显著性检验,通过解模型逆矩阵得到最佳条件：单位面积电量为23．26 Ah／dm2、pH 值为3．58、进水氨氮浓度56．78 mg／L。在最佳条件下,CODCr 去除率为96．5％,与模型预测值偏差为4．45％,吻合度较高。对电解芬顿深度处理前后的渗滤液进行 GC-MS 分析,表明电解芬顿协同处理技术能有效降解垃圾渗滤液中难生化降解的有机物,将有机物种类从42种降低至21种,是较有效的深度处理技术。