Encapsulated yeast cells inside Paramecium primaurelia: a model system for protection capability of polyelectrolyte shells

One of the most promising applications of encapsulated living cells is their use as protected transplanted tissue into the human body. A suitable system for the protection of living cells is the use of nano‐ or microcapsules of polyelectrolytes. These shells can be deposited easily on top of the cells by means of a layer‐by‐layer technique. An interesting feature of the capsules is the possibility to control their properties on a nanometre level, tuning their wall texture via the preparation conditions. Here we introduce a model system to test the protection ability of polyelectrolyte capsules. Common bakery yeast cells were encapsulated. They were coated with a fluorescently labelled shell at conditions known to guarantee cell survival, and the cell interior was stained with DAPI. The protozoan Paramecium primaurelia was incubated with this double‐stained living yeast and visualized by means of two‐photon excitation fluorescence microscopy. Cross‐sections of the dye‐stained material as well as autofluorescence of the fixed protozoan allowed us to follow the digestion of the coated yeast with time. Our investigation reveals that capsules prepared under these deposition conditions are permeable to lysosomal enzymes, leading to degradation of the yeast inside the intact capsules. Our preliminary results indicate the suitability of the introduced model as a test system of this permeability.     

海上升压站上部组块整体式建造技术研究

海上升压站一般由上部组块及下部基础构成,其上部组块主流建造方案为模块式安装方式,对场地及辅助起重机要求较高。为了解决该问题,提出海上升压站上部组块整体式建造技术,从场地要求和施工设备配置、安装流程、主框架组合件地面拼装、主框架拼装和各层结构安装等方面进行阐述。     

Synergistic Flame Retardant Effects of Carbon Nanotube-Based Multilayer Nanocoatings

In an effort to develop highly functionalized flame retardant materials, hybrid nanocoatings are prepared by alternately depositing a positively charged polyaniline (PANi) and negatively charged montmorillonite (MMT) using the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are employed in polymer nanocomposites as effective reinforcement, where nanotubes are stabilized in MMT aqueous solution. The 3D structure and high density of CNTs deposited in the PANi/CNTs-MMT multilayers produce thicker and heavier coatings in comparison to the LbL assemblies without CNTs. Vertical and horizontal flame testing show that the incorporation of CNTs improves fire resistance. Additionally, cone calorimetry reveals that stacking two nanomaterials (MMT and CNTs) in a single coating shows a significant reduction in peak heat release rate (up to 51%), total smoke release (up to 47%), and total heat release (up to 37%) for the polyurethane foam. The enhancement of flame retardancy is attributed to a synergistic effect; MMT serves as a physical barrier that retards the diffusion of heat and gas. The addition of CNTs strengthens the thermal stability and high char yield. These results, coupled with the simplicity with which the LbL deposition is applied, present a viable alternative to halogen-free flame retardant nanocoatings to natural and synthetic fibers.     

含稀土多金属氧酸盐的杂化)自组装膜的制备和光学性质研究

用自组装方法构建含稀土多金属氧酸盐和聚丙烯胺的有机-无机杂化多层膜.用紫外可见光谱、原子力显微镜、X射线衍射等测试手段表征了膜的结构.计算了此杂化多层膜上分子的密度和独特的排列状态,以及分子在膜上逐层按比例的增长,用荧光光谱检测了自组装膜发光性能.指出在杂化自组装膜上,稀土的发光特性依然得到保持.     

细胞固定化催化生产精细化学品的研究进展Q

摘要：细胞固定化技术具有流程简单、生物相容、操作稳定等优点，可有效保证细胞活性，实现高效的细胞催化生产精细化学品。本文介绍了表面附着、凝胶包埋、聚电解质层层自组装膜等多细胞固定化方法，及其在二元醇、生物乙醇、乳酸、酯、多糖等精细化学品生产中的研究现状和进展，并分析讨论了各种方法存在的问题。同时，总结了近年来新发展的单细胞纳米涂层固定化方法的机理、趋势及应用于精细化学品生产的可能性。最后对细胞固定化催化生产精细化学品面临的技术挑战及研究方向做出展望，以期为精细化学品生产提供一定的技术支持。     

新型喜树碱缓释微胶囊的制备

为了降低喜树碱药物的毒性,提高人体服药后的顺应性.以生物相容性良好的壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为囊壁材料,喜树碱药物微粒为囊芯,采用静电吸引层层纳米自组装技术(LbL法)制备了喜树碱微胶囊.实验结果表明:LbL法制备的微胶囊用激光共聚焦显微镜观察具有明显的核-壳结构;提高了喜树碱在水中的分散性;释放速度可控,不同包裹层数的微胶囊在模拟人体体液环境下(pH7.4)释放速度不同,随着高分子层数增加,药物释放速度降低.这种具有缓控释效果的微胶囊能大大降低病人服药后的不良反应,具有很好的应用前景.     

应用DBN深度学习算法的电能计量反窃电技术研究

针对窃电问题严重阻碍建立公平、合理的用户秩序的问题,基于云计算的智能电网大数据处理平台SP-PPP(smart power system big data processing platform in cloud environment,SP-DPP),提出了融合自适应加权融合算法和深度置信网络DBN(Deep Belief Networks,DBN)学习算法的反窃电系统,采用DBN逐层贪婪训练算法对大数据进行处理,并利用双层RBM结构,构建出DBN深度学习算法,对获取的电能计量窃电信息进行归一化处理,将获取的宏观高纬度数据信息转换为容易识别和计算的低纬度数据.实验表明,本研究的算法识别率高,稳定性能好.     

Layer-by-layer assembly of long-afterglow self-supporting thin films with dual-stimuli-responsive phosphorescence and antiforgery applications

The assembly of thin films (TFs) having long-lasting luminescence can be expected to play an important role in the development of new-generation smart sensors,anti-counterfeiting materials,and information-encryption systems.However,such films are limited compared with their powder and solution counterparts.In this study,by exploiting the self-organization of phosphors in the two-dimensional (2D) galleries between clay nanosheets,we developed a method for the ordered assembly of long-afterglow TFs by utilizing a hydrogen-bonding layer-by-layer (LBL) process.Compared with the pristine powder,the TFs exhibit high polarization and up-conversion room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP),as well as enhanced quantum yields and luminescence lifetimes,allowing them to be used as room-temperature phosphorescent sensors for humidity and oxygen.Moreover,modified day-based hybrids with multicolor RTP can serve as anti-counterfeiting marks and triple-mode 2D barcode displays.We anticipate that the LBL assembly process can be extended to the fabrication of other inorganic-organic room-temperature phosphorescent hybrids with smart luminescent sensor and antiforgery applications.     

CRGP柔性导电薄膜及其超级电容器制备与性能

以CNFs膜为基材,采用层层自组装法制备CNFs/RGOn膜,通过原位聚合法在膜表面聚合PANI,制备复合导电CRGP膜电极并组成超级电容器S-RGP。研究采用UV-vis光谱、XRD、SEM等对CRGP膜的吸光度、结晶特性与形态进行测试表征,同时系统测试了S-RGPCV曲线、GCD、EIS等电化学性能。结果表明:原位聚合法得到CRGP膜表面不均匀,PANI层与基材间存在间隙,存有活性物质,导致S-RGP内阻较小;S-RGP的ESR低、柔性良好;由于原位聚合的PANI层较厚,电容器S-RGP具有一定的电致变色特征。     

Amperometric Cholesterol Biosensor Using Layer-by-Layer Adsorption Technique on Polyaniline-coated Polyester Films

An amperometric cholesterol biosensor was fabricated using polyaniline-coated polyester films. Polyaniline was dissolved in chloroform with camphorsulfonic acid, and polystyrene was added to this solution. Using this mixed solution, the coating was placed onto polyester films. Cholesterol oxidase was immobilized onto these films using an electrostatic layer-by-layer adsorption technique. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) was used as the counter ion source. The level of adsorption was examined and evidence of layer-by-layer adsorption was investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). A cholesterol biosensor was fabricated from these films as a working electrode, and it was used to measure the cholesterol concentration.