Mixing characteristics for the single and air-water two-phase flows in miniaturized parallel multichannel-based devices

Investigation on the miniaturized parallel multichannel-based devices packed with glass beads to improve the mass exchange execution is the critical focal point of the current study. One of the essential parameters to specify the miniaturized devices' flow distribution is the residence time distribution (RTD). In the present context, the RTDs of a liquid tracer were investigated for the air-water multiphase flows (concurrent) across the multichannel-based miniaturized devices (comprising of 11 similar dimensional parallel channels). The devices were variable in height and packed with glass beads. The conductivity estimations generated the RTD curves and were addressed by the axial dispersion model (ADM). The fluid-flow rates differed within the range of 5–23 ml min⁻¹. The axial dispersion coefficients and the rate of the specific energy dispersion were investigated. The effects of pressure difference and geometry on the hydrodynamic attributes and mixing properties were well-illustrated, and the new correlations were suggested.     

Photopolymerization synthesis of polyacrylic acid dispersant with methoxysilicon end groups and its application in a nano‐SiO2 aqueous system

In order to improve the dispersity and stability of the nano‐SiO₂ aqueous system with high solid content, a kind of polyacrylic acid dispersant with methoxysilicon end groups (KH590‐PAA) was synthesized by photopolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) initiated with (3‐mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (KH590). After adding KH590‐PAA into the nano‐SiO₂ aqueous dispersion system (20 wt% solid content), the viscosity and the curing time of the system were measured with a rotational viscometer and the inverted bottle method. Moreover, the dispersion mechanism of KH590‐PAA for the nano‐SiO₂ aqueous system was researched by measuring the adsorption capacity, the particle size and the zeta potential of the nanoparticles with a conductivity meter, dynamic light scattering, SEM and TEM, respectively. The results showed that the methoxysilicon groups in KH590‐PAA could react with hydroxyl groups on the surface of nano‐SiO₂ in the process of stirring, which enhanced the adsorption capacity of the dispersant and then increased the surface charge of the particles. Therefore, electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance effects between the SiO₂ nanoparticles could be further enhanced by adding the KH590‐PAA dispersant, and then the nano‐SiO₂ aqueous system exhibited better dispersity and stability. Besides, the dispersion properties of SiO₂ nanoparticles in water were closely related to the addition amount and the molecular weight of the KH590‐PAA dispersant. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源运动食品中3种氨基糖苷类抗生素的残留量

该研究建立了一种亲水交互作用色谱-串联质谱（HILIC-MS/MS）法测定动物源运动食品中潮霉素B、新霉素、安普霉素3种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留量的方法。结果表明，样品经Sielc Obelisc R柱分离，采用0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈梯度洗脱，可以实现3种目标物组分的分离。在此条件下，3种氨基糖苷类抗生素在5～500 ng/mL的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数R2为0.999 5～0.999 9，检出限均为15 μg/kg，定量限均为50 μg/kg，保留时间的日间和日内相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为3.5%～7.9%和3.5%～4.1%，峰面积的日间和日内RSD分别为3.6%～7.4%和3.2%～3.9%，加标回收率为85.7%～93.6%，回收率试验结果的RSD为3.1%～5.2%。该方法可以满足动物源运动食品中3种氨基糖苷类抗生素的检测需求。     

Co-precipitation of nano Mg–Y/ZrO2 ternary oxide eutectic system: Effects of calcination temperature

In the family of inorganic nanomaterials, zirconia is a highly promising functional ceramic with a high refractive index, hardness, and dielectric constant, as well as excellent chemical inertness and thermal stability. These properties are enhanced in nano-zirconia ceramics, because nanopowders have a small particle size, good morphology, and uniform and dispersive distribution. In this study, a co-precipitation process was proposed to synthesise highly dispersed MgO–Y₂O₃ co-stabilized ZrO₂ nanopowders. The effects of different calcination temperatures on the crystallisation degree and particle dispersion of zirconia nanopowders were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The optimum synthesis conditions were obtained as follows: 6 h of high-energy planetary grinding and calcination at 800 °C in an electric furnace. Under these optimum conditions, the average particle size of the prepared powder was 28.7 nm. This process enriches the literature on the controllable preparation of Mg–Y/ZrO₂ nanopowders obtained by the co-precipitation method.     

高落差粉尘扩散规律和分布特征

高溜井放矿过程中会形成强大的冲击气流引起粉尘扩散，造成严重的井下环境污染，对其进行有效治理一直是井下通风除尘的工作重心，本工作利用相似实验和数值模拟相结合的方式探究溜井放矿过程中粉尘的扩散规律和分布特征。通过改变放矿质量、矿石粒径、溜井密闭程度、含水率等因素测试不同条件下气流大小和粉尘浓度分布，并利用CFD-DPM耦合方法模拟卸矿过程中的气?固两相流，研究气流和粉尘浓度时空分布特征。结果表明，最大粉尘浓度和风速随放矿质量增加而上升，随颗粒粒径和溜井密闭程度增大而降低，且含水率越大，粉尘浓度越小，风速无明显变化，在放矿过程中矿石颗粒之间碰撞占主导作用，颗粒流呈横向分布。     

郭庄煤业选煤厂振动筛筛选形式的优化研究

针对郭庄煤业选煤厂振动筛振动筛分方式可靠性差、筛分效率低下、物料筛分率低的难题,本文提出了三种新的振动筛分方案,对不同筛分方案的实际应用效果进行了分析。结果表明三移动一摆动的振动筛分方式对物料的综合分散度最高,稳定性好,该筛分方案已在郭庄煤业选煤厂煤炭筛分过程中得到了全面的应用。     

综合改进奇异谱分解和奇异值分解的齿轮故障特征提取方法

针对齿轮故障特征微弱，在强背景噪声下难以有效提取的问题，提出了一种改进奇异谱分解（ISSD）结合奇异值分解（SVD）的齿轮故障特征提取方法。针对奇异谱分解（SSD）算法中模态参数需凭经验选取的缺陷，基于散布熵优化算法对SSD算法进行了改进，在得到既定的一组奇异谱分量的基础上，根据峭度值最大准则筛选出了最佳奇异谱分量并进行了SVD处理，采用奇异值能量标准谱自适应地确定了信号重构阶数以还原信号和提高降噪效果。最后对信号进行包络解调以提取齿轮故障特征，将所提方法运用到仿真信号和齿轮实测信号中，并同传统包络谱、SSD包络谱以及经验模态分解结合SVD(EMD-SVD)方法进行了对比分析，结果表明，所提方法的降噪和特征提取效果更佳，能够更加有效地实现齿轮故障的判别。     

萃取塔数学模型及过程强化的若干研究进展

萃取塔因生产能力大、占地面积小、密闭性好等优点，在石油、化工、生物、医药和环境工程等多领域被广泛应用。本文从以下几个方面介绍了萃取塔近些年的研究进展：综述了传统萃取塔（脉冲萃取塔、转盘塔与Kühni塔等）的水力学、轴向扩散与传质模型的发展，分析比较了表面张力、传质方向、放大效应等因素对模型的影响；介绍了计算流体动力学（CFD）在萃取塔中单液滴、单相流模拟、液-液两相流模拟、外加能量模拟、与群体平衡模型（PBM）耦合模拟中的应用进展；介绍了国内外设计开发的新型萃取塔，包括改变传统塔的内构件和引入多种外场能量等方式来强化相间传质。研究表明，将先进实验研究方法、准确经验模型和可靠理论计算相结合，将会是萃取塔研究的重要手段和方向。     

高分散度Pt/C电催化剂的制备

Cabot公司Vulcan XC-72型炭黑，经过H2O2氧化处理后作为Pt的载体，H2PtCl6作为金属前驱体制备了高度分散的Pt/C催化剂。讨论了不同条件下H2PtCl6在炭黑上的吸附性能。载体经过H2O2氧化处理24h,H2PtCl6在pH=9下吸收48h，H2 350℃还原2h，可以制备出铂晶粒平均大小为1.8nm的Pt/C电催化剂。