利伐沙班与血塞通注射液联合使用抑制脊柱术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的效果及血液指标的影响

目的:探讨利伐沙班与血塞通注射液联合使用预防脊柱术后下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）形成的效果及对患者凝血功能、血流变学指标及其它血生化指标的影响。方法:选取本院脊柱外科接受脊柱手术治疗的患者105例，并随机分为治疗组、对照组1和对照组2，各35例。对照组1术后给予血塞通注射液治疗，对照组2术后给予利伐沙班治疗，治疗组给予血塞通联合利伐沙班治疗。检测并比较3组患者凝血功能、血流变学指标、其他血生化指标的变化；评估并比较3组患者术后5 d DVT发生情况。结果:治疗后3组凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶时间（TT）均较治疗前显著延长，纤维蛋白原（FIB）水平较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01），且组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）；治疗后3组全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞比容、红细胞刚性指数均较治疗前显著下降，红细胞变形指数较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01），且组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）；治疗后3组血小板计数（PLT）、血管内皮素（ET）水平均较治疗前显著升高，D-二聚体（D-D）水平较治疗前显著降低（P<0.01），且组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。血红蛋白（Hb）治疗前后及组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；治疗组术后DVT发生率为2.86%显著低于对照组1的14.28%和对照组2的11.42%（P<0.05）。结论:利伐沙班联合血塞通注射液可明显改善血流变学及其它血生化指标水平，进而有效预防脊柱创伤术后DVT形成，安全有效。     

The Clinical Significance of Drug–Food Interactions of Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death in the world. For almost 60 years, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) were the mainstay of anticoagulation therapy, but in recent years direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have become the anticoagulant treatment of choice. DOACs were initially considered drugs with no significant food interactions; however, clinical observations from daily practice have proved otherwise as interactions with food ingredients have been reported. Food, dietary supplements or herbs may contain substances that, when administered concomitantly with DOACs, can potentially affect the plasma concentration of the drugs. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the clinical significance of drug–food interactions of DOACs, such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban and betrixaban. Patients treated with anticoagulants should avoid products containing St. John’s wort and take special care with other food ingredients. As the interest in dietary supplements is on the rise, healthcare providers can contribute to the development of well-designed clinical trials on interactions between DOACs and food, and distribute sufficient knowledge about the proper use of these supplements among patients.     

Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: A Focused Review on Oral Anticoagulation

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality but it is usually underdiagnosed and undertreated. Patients with PAD present dysregulated procoagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic pathways leading to arterial and venous thrombosis. The risk of several ischemic-related complications could be mitigated with appropriate antithrombotic therapy, which plays a central role in all types of PAD. For years, antiplatelets have been indicated in patients with symptomatic PAD or those who have undergone revascularization. Unfortunately, a non-negligible proportion of patients with PAD will suffer from adverse events during the follow-up, even despite proper medical therapies for the prevention of PAD complications. Thus, there is room for improving clinical outcomes in these patients. Given the implication of both, primary and secondary hemostasis in arterial thrombosis and the pathophysiology of PAD, the combination of antiplatelets and anticoagulants has emerged as a potential antithrombotic alternative to antiplatelets alone. In this narrative review article, we have highlighted the most recent evidence about antithrombotic therapy in PAD patients, with a special focus on oral anticoagulation. Certainly, COMPASS and VOYAGER PAD trials have shown promising results. Thus, rivaroxaban in combination with aspirin seem to reduce cardiovascular outcomes with a similar bleeding risk compared to aspirin alone. Nevertheless, results from real-world studies are needed to confirm these observations, and other trials will provide novel evidence about the safety and efficacy of emerging anticoagulant agents.