低功率激光的生物刺激作用机理及研究

近年来 ,低功率激光的生物刺激作用的研究取得了可喜的成果 ,在临床上已经应用到各个领域 ,在对某些疾病的治疗效果是肯定的。但还存在许多问题 ,作用机理还没有统一。本文就低功率激光的生物刺激作用的一些典型实验研究 ,治病机理的研究进展以及存在的问题进行了评述     

Melatonin Application Modifies Antioxidant Defense and Induces Endoreplication in Maize Seeds Exposed to Chilling Stress

The aim of the study was to demonstrate the biostimulating effect of exogenous melatonin (MEL) applied to seeds via hydroconditioning. It was indicated that only well-chosen application technique and MEL dose guarantees success concerning seed germination and young seedlings growth under stress conditions. For maize seed, 50 μM of MEL appeared to be the optimal dose. It improved seed germination and embryonic axes growth especially during chilling stress (5 °C/14 days) and during regeneration after its subsided. Unfortunately, MEL overdosing lowered IAA level in dry seeds and could disrupt the ROS-dependent signal transduction pathways. Very effective antioxidant MEL action was confirmed by low level of protein oxidative damage and smaller quantity of lipid oxidation products in embryonic axes isolated from seeds pre-treated with MEL and then exposed to cold. The stimulatory effects of MEL on antioxidant enzymes: SOD, APX and GSH-PX and on GST-a detoxifying enzyme, was also demonstrated. It was indicated for the first time, that MEL induced defence strategies against stress at the cytological level, as appearing endoreplication in embryonic axes cells even in the seeds germinating under optimal conditions (preventive action), but very intensively in those germinating under chilling stress conditions (intervention action), and after stress removal, to improve regeneration.     

Improvement of treatment efficiency of thermophilic oxic process for highly concentrated lipid wastes by nutrient supplementation

The biodegradation of highly concentrated lipid wastes was conducted by a thermophilic oxic process (TOP). In order to improve the treatment efficiency of TOP, the stimulatory effect of nutrient supplementation was examined. A model nutrient supplement that satisfied the essential components necessary to promote degradation of lipid wastes was developed. The importance of balanced nutrient supplement consisting of organic and inorganic components was demonstrated. Regardless of the source of either vegetable oil or animal fat, the combination of 1.5 g of yeast extract, 1 g of urea and 60 ml of trace-element solution was effective to stimulate the degradation of 15 g of lipids by TOP. With this combination, degradation efficiencies of 68% and 77% in a 120-h treatment were attained for salad oil and lard, respectively. The conversion ratio of degraded lipid materials to CO2 was 0.91, confirming the advantage of TOP, i.e., very low excess sludge generation. The effectiveness of the model nutrient supplement for stimulating the degradation of lipid materials by TOP was also confirmed when tested on three kinds of actual highly concentrated lipid wastes. A constant degradation efficiency of around 60% in a 120-h treatment was attained for all lipid wastes although further improvement of degradation efficiency was possible by some nutrient addition into the model supplement combination. Based on the model nutrient supplement, the essential components for stimulating oil degradation by TOP and the possible alternative materials for the model nutrient supplement were discussed. The results demonstrated the possibility of employing TOP (stimulated by nutrient supplement) as a new biological treatment strategy for highly concentrated lipid wastes.     

生物促生-菌种技术修复废水生化系统的应用研究

为解决石油化工废水生化处理系统受到高有机污染物冲击引起的处理效果急剧下降的问题,在生化池里投加解毒剂、促生剂、活性磷和硝化菌种产品。试验结果表明：经过10 d的生物修复,生化系统CODCr去除率由受损时的35%提高到60%,系统稳定后CODCr去除率恢复到80%以上;投加硝化菌后使得二沉池出水NH3-N的质量浓度在15 mg/L以下。采用生物促生联合菌种技术能够快速修复受损的生化系统,并且快速建立硝化反应系统,提高NH3-N的去除效果。     

Electromagnetic Biostimulation of Living Cultures for Biotechnology, Biofuel and Bioenergy Applications

The surge of interest in bioenergy has been marked with increasing efforts in research and development to identify new sources of biomass and to incorporate cutting-edge biotechnology to improve efficiency and increase yields. It is evident that various microorganisms will play an integral role in the development of this newly emerging industry, such as yeast for ethanol and Escherichia coli for fine chemical fermentation. However, it appears that microalgae have become the most promising prospect for biomass production due to their ability to grow fast, produce large quantities of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, thrive in poor quality waters, sequester and recycle carbon dioxide from industrial flue gases and remove pollutants from industrial, agricultural and municipal wastewaters. In an attempt to better understand and manipulate microorganisms for optimum production capacity, many researchers have investigated alternative methods for stimulating their growth and metabolic behavior. One such novel approach is the use of electromagnetic fields for the stimulation of growth and metabolic cascades and controlling biochemical pathways. An effort has been made in this review to consolidate the information on the current status of biostimulation research to enhance microbial growth and metabolism using electromagnetic fields. It summarizes information on the biostimulatory effects on growth and other biological processes to obtain insight regarding factors and dosages that lead to the stimulation and also what kind of processes have been reportedly affected. Diverse mechanistic theories and explanations for biological effects of electromagnetic fields on intra and extracellular environment have been discussed. The foundations of biophysical interactions such as bioelectromagnetic and biophotonic communication and organization within living systems are expounded with special consideration for spatiotemporal aspects of electromagnetic topology, leading to the potential of multipolar electromagnetic systems. The future direction for the use of biostimulation using bioelectromagnetic, biophotonic and electrochemical methods have been proposed for biotechnology industries in general with emphasis on an holistic biofuel system encompassing production of algal biomass, its processing and conversion to biofuel.     

Pilot study on contact efficiency of gaseous and misty substrates through in situ sparging

BACKGROUND: The efficiency of in situ bioremediation observed in the field is often lower than that found in the laboratory, which can be due to the contact efficiency of air, substrates and bacteria achieved in the field being lower than that obtained in the laboratory. In this study, in situ pilot tests of air injection were conducted to evaluate the contact efficiency of both gaseous (toluene) and misty (tritiated water) substrates in the subsurface environment. RESULTS: Based on the observed distributions of air saturation, toluene and tritiated water in the pilot, the contact efficiency of the gaseous substrate was significantly better than that of the misty substrate with a median mist size of 10 µm. CONCLUSION: The contact efficiency of the gaseous substrate is very close to that of air. The sweep volume of the misty substrate through in situ sparging is only present near the injection point and therefore the contact efficiency is very limited. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry