高效混合清蜡剂的研制和性能评价

针对我国油井结蜡严重的现象,以苯、互溶剂A、互溶剂B和协同剂为原料,制备了一种高效混合清蜡剂。确定了混合清蜡剂的最佳配方:苯加量(体积分数,下同)45%,协同剂加量45%,互溶剂A加量5%,互溶剂B加量5%。实验结果表明,协同剂与苯具有较好的协同性,互溶剂与清蜡剂间、互溶剂A与互溶剂B间均具有良好的协同性。在最佳配方条件下,清蜡速率达0.082g/(mL·min)。     

Identification of a minor component of the sex pheromone ofLeucoptera malifoliella (Lepidoptera,lyonetiidae)

A new minor component in the female volatile extract ofLeucoptera malifoliella (Costa) (Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae) has been identified as 5,9-dimethyloctadecane (2). The amount detected of the minor compound2 ranged from 4 to 8% in comparison with the major component 5,9-dimethylheptadecane (1). Neither compound has been found in the male volatile extract. The identification has been based on its spectroscopic properties and Chromatographic behavior in comparison with an authentic synthetic sample. The synthesis has been carried out through a short route from 2,6-dimethylcyclohexanone (3). In field tests, compound2 appears to act as a Synergist of the major component1 when mixed with the latter in a 1000.1– 5 ratio.     

聚合物防老化稳定剂的协同作用机理

从聚合物热氧老化和光氧老化机理出发，介绍了不同稳定剂间的相互作用，可能产生的协同及反协同作用机理以及一些实用实例。     

双功能受阻胺光稳定剂GW-540与紫外线吸收剂并用效应的研究

本文用IR、UV、SEM等方法,研究了双功能基受阻胺光稳定剂——三(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)亚磷酸酯(GW-540),与紫外线吸收剂UV-531、UV-327并用时对聚丙烯的防光作用,结果表明:GW-540-UV-531并用体系有良好的防光作用,呈强的协同效应;GW-540-UV-327并用体系呈弱的对抗作用。结果还表明:GW-540对531和327的光分解均有保护作用.电镜研究表明,加入GW-540后,使UV-327在聚丙烯中分散更不均匀,从而影响其效率的发挥。文中提出了两个体系的协同和对抗作用机理。     

Host Plant Volatiles Synergize Response to Sex Pheromone in Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella

Plant volatile compounds synergize attraction of codling moth males Cydia pomonella to sex pheromone (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone). Several apple volatiles, known to elicit a strong antennal response, were tested in a wind tunnel. Two-component blends of 1 pg/min codlemone and 100 pg/min of either racemic linalool, (E)-beta-farnesene, or (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol attracted significantly more males to the source than codlemone alone (60, 58, 56, and 37%, respectively). In comparison, a blend of codlemone and a known pheromone synergist, dodecanol, attracted 56% of the males tested. Blends of pheromone and plant volatiles in a 1:100 ratio attracted more males than 1:1 or 1:10,000 blends. Adding two or four of the most active plant compounds to codlemone did not enhance attraction over blends of codlemone plus single-plant compounds. Of the test compounds, only farnesol was attractive by itself; at a release rate of 10,000 pg/min, 16% of the males arrived at the source. However, attraction to a 1:10,000 blend of codlemone and farnesol (42%) was not significantly different from attraction to codlemone alone (37%). In contrast, a codlemone mimic, (E)-10-dodecadien-1-ol, which attracted 2% males by itself, had a strong antagonistic effect when blended in a 1:10,000 ratio with codlemone.     

粉末NBR和交联剂在PVC／HDPE中的增容－交联作用

用抽提、示差扫描量热仪、扫描电镜和拉伸试验等方法，研究了粉末丁睛橡胶（Ｐ－ＮＢＲ）与以过氧化二异丙苯、三烯丙基异氰尿酸酯和ＭｇＯ组成的交联体系对ＰＶＣ／ＨＤＰＥ（５０／５０）共混物的增容－交联协同作用。单独加交联剂时主要发生ＨＤＰＥ的自交联，并使共混物形成半互穿网络结构，从而提高其力学性能；如再加入Ｐ－ＮＢＲ，则可明显促进两组分的相互分散，使交联剂聚集在两相的界面，ＰＶＣ和ＨＤＰＥ间产生大量互交联，从而显著提高共混物的力学性能。     

Allelopathic Potential and Chemical Constituents of Volatile Oil from Ageratum conyzoides

Fresh leaves and volatile oil of the important weed Ageratum conyzoides in south China were highly inhibitory to seedling growth of various cultivated crops, especially in an adverse habitat. The constituents of the volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS. Eleven components were identified and six main components, precocene I, precocene II, 3,3-dimethyl-5-tert-butylindone, -caryophyllene, -bisabolene, and fenchyl acetate, were isolated by means of column chromatography. Precocene I, precocene II, -caryophyllene, and 3,3-dimethyl-5-tert-butylindone inhibited seedling growth of acceptor plants. Inhibitory activity of the volatile oil was more intense than that of the pure components. Fenchyl acetate and -bisabolene have no inhibitory activity, but when mixed with precocene II, they increased the inhibitory activity to growth of acceptor seedling plants. Experiments show that allelopathic synergism exists among allelochemicals of Ageratum conyzoides.     

Interactions of pheromone component odor plumes of western pine beetle

The relationships between catch ofD. brevicomis LeC. at sources of the synergistic pheromone components,exo-brevicomin (E) and frontalin (F), and increasing distance of separation of sources were investigated in the forest. The two components were each released with the host monoterpene, myrcene (M), in trap pairs. The traps of each pair were spaced apart at various distances (0–16 m) in either horizontal or vertical lines that were perpendicular to the mean wind direction. Both sexes were most strongly attracted when the two components were released from the same source, and increasing distance of separation between components caused exponential decreases in trap catch for all trap configurations. Males were significantly more attracted to traps with E, M alone than to corresponding traps with F, M alone, while females exhibited a preference for F, M. The theoretical relationships and properties of two coalescing plumes of individual components and their intersecting active space are presented and discussed. It is proposed that confusion or communication disruption techniques for insect control may be more successful if components are released individually from many points rather than released similarly in blends. Dendroctonus brevicomis LeC. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae).Supported in part by grants from U.S.A. and Sweden, NSF (INT-8503520), STU (84-3937), NFR, FRN, and SJFR.     

超声波协同铁粉降解水中2,4-二氯酚的研究

采用超声波/铁粉协同降解水中2,4-二氯酚。考察了初始浓度、超声功率、铁粉投加量以及pH对降解效率的影响,并初步探讨了超声波/铁粉协同降解2,4-二氯酚的动力学规律。结果表明,超声波与铁粉对2,4-二氯酚的降解具有明显的协同效应。降解效率随超声功率和铁粉投加量的增大而增大,随初始浓度的增大而减小。pH对2,4-二氯酚的降解有显著影响,在pH为4时,降解效率最高。超声波/铁对2,4-二氯酚的协同降解符合一级反应动力学规律,降解速率常数为1.52×10-2min-1,与铁粉单独作用和超声单独作用相比,分别提高了约5倍和13倍。     

九种助剂对草甘膦的增效作用比较

草甘膦异丙胺盐药液中分别加入九种助剂后对空心莲子草喷多处理，测定植株鲜重及再生植株鲜重，并测定药液的表面张力。结果表明，药液中助剂UC—12、TI—800、JFC、Tween20的浓度达到1000—5000mg/L时鲜重抑制率比CK提高了6—20个百分点。加入UC—12、JFC对根茎抑制作用最为明显，复发率降低了约12个百分点。九种助剂降低药液表面张力的效能从高到低顺序为：农乳500＞904＞APG＞JFC＞TL800＞UC-12＞Tween20＞961＞SD。上述试验结果表明，助剂UC-12、TI—800、JFC、Tween20对草甘膦的增效作用较为显著，助剂增效作用大小与降低表面张力的效能无密切相关性。