椰油酸单乙醇酰胺醚羧酸盐的合成与性能

采用单因素考察法考察了椰油酸单乙醇酰胺醚羧酸盐的合成工艺条件,结果为n(烷醇酰胺):n (NaOH):n(氯乙酸钠)=1:3.5:1.5,反应温度75℃,反应时间4 h;在此条件下,酰胺的转化率达81.37。对产物表面活性进行了分析测定,其γ_(cmc)为2.697 2×10~(-3)N/m,CMC为1.407×10~(-3)mol/L,罗氏泡沫高度为115 mm,润湿性(0.1%溶液)42.576 s,分散性LSDP 16%,去污性R 50.61。     

催化氧化法合成脂肪醇醚羧酸盐的研究进展

详细介绍了氮氧自由基催化氧化法和贵金属催化氧化法合成脂肪醇醚羧酸盐。氮氧自由基催化时,反应温度20～60℃,反应时间3～6 h,得到酸型产品。贵金属催化剂中,钯的催化活性比铂高。贵金属催化时,加入铅、铋等助催化剂,并以活性炭为载体,碱性条件下于50～90℃反应2～6 h,得到盐型产品。在适当的条件下,这两种方法均可使醇醚转化率达95％,选择性达90％以上。     

Comparative effects of cobalt carboxylates on the thermo‐oxidative degradation of LDPE films

This article reports the effect of three cobalt carboxylates—cobalt stearate (CoSt₃), cobalt palmitate (CoPal₃), and cobalt laurate (CoLau₃)—on the thermo‐oxidative degradation of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films prepared by sheeting process. The carboxylates were blended with LDPE in the concentration range of 0.05–0.2% (w/w). The degradation was monitored by techniques such as FTIR spectroscopy, change in the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break), viscometry, surface electron microscopy, melt flow index measurements, and apparent density measurements. Studies indicate that films containing these additives are highly susceptible to thermo‐oxidative degradation. Oxygen containing functionalities such as carbonyl and vinyl species are generated on the surface of polyethylene because of thermo‐oxidation, as indicated by FTIR studies. This oxidative process is accelerated in the presence of cobalt carboxylates. The degradation of LDPE was found to increase proportionally with concentration as well as with increasing chain length of the cobalt carboxylate, and follow the order CoSt₃ > CoPal₃ > CoLau₃. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3758–3765, 2007     

羧酸铝对橡胶的增强作用

综述了活性增强剂羧酸铝对ＮＢＲ，ＢＲ，ＳＢＲ，ＥＰＤＭ，含氯橡胶以及聚氨酯硫化胶的增强效果。结果表明，含羟基，氨基和乙烯基的羧酸铝具有较强的硫化促进作用，但加入量达到２０份会出现焦烧。对氨基苯甲酸铝对ＮＢＲ硫化胶增强效果最佳；当用量１５份时，拉伸强度达到最大值。     

Lanthanide tetrafluorobenzoates as emitters for OLEDs: New approach for host selection

Brightly luminescent and highly soluble lanthanide tetrafluorobenzoates, as well as their mixed ligand complexes, were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The low charge carrier mobility hampered their use in OLED, but this problem was overcome by a thoughtful selection of host material. The organic molecules acted both as ligands in the complex and as the host material, leading to zero increase in the Stokes shift.     

Effect of formic-acid-to-acetic-acid ratio on the structure and spinnability of aqueous aluminium sol of alumina fibre

The structure and spinnability of sol are essential for obtaining high-performance continuous alumina-based fibres. Herein, the surface electrostatic potential analysis and conventional experimental methods (X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ²⁷Al nuclear magnetic resonance solution spectra and rheological methods) were combined to investigate and discuss the relationship between the structure and spinnability of aluminium carboxylate sols with different formic-acid-to-acetic-acid molar ratios. The results showed that the aluminium carboxylate sol structure changed with the formic-acid-to-acetic-acid molar ratio and greatly affected the sol's spinnability. The tetramer (AlO6 oligomer) products comprising two effective active carboxylate groups in the sol increased with the formic acid content, which helped form linear long-chain polymers. However, excess formic acid content led to a large increase of AlO6 monomer products that were unable to form linear long-chain polymers, which decreased the sol's spinnability. When the formic-acid-to-acetic-acid molar ratio was 1.15:0.85, the sol containing more AlO6 oligomer products had the best spinnability. Furthermore, α-Al₂O₃ ceramic fibres with good morphology, small grains and uniform diameter distribution were obtained after calcination at 1200 °C.     

Lower Irritation Potential of Laureth‐3 Carboxylate Amino Acid Salt

Sodium laureth sulfate and amino acid type surfactants have been categorized as low‐skin irritation chemicals based on results of previous skin irritation tests. However, detergent‐induced skin irritation still occurs. Detergents with a low‐skin irritation effect are required, since the number of cosmetics for sensitive skin has increased. Therefore, an in vitro method of testing the safety of cosmetics for sensitive skin is required. Skin irritation by anionic surfactants was investigated to determine the effect of laureth‐3 carboxylate (polyoxyethylene lauryl carboxymethyl ether) amino acid salt on skin irritation. In addition, sodium laureth sulfate and amino acid type surfactants, regarded as low‐irritation surfactants, were also tested for skin irritation. The skin irritation effect of laureth‐3 carboxylate lysine salt (Surfactant 1 ), sodium laureth sulfate (Surfactant 2 ), and sodium N‐lauroyl glutamate (Surfactant 3 ) were investigated using a reconstructed human cultured epidermal model, LabCyte EPI‐MODEL24 6D. Cell viabilities of cultured epidermal cells exposed to Surfactant 1 (5.0 % aq.), Surfactant 2 , and Surfactant 3 were 82.0, 45.0 and 19.1 %, respectively. There were significant differences in cell viability upon exposure to 5.0 % aqueous test solutions of the three test chemicals. The results of the current investigation indicate that Surfactant 1 has a low skin‐irritation effect.     

Advantage of Sodium Polyoxyethylene Lauryl Ether Carboxylate as a Mild Cleansing Agent

Five anionic surfactants widely used in commercial skin cleansers were studied: sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether carboxylate (EC), sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate (ES), sodium dodecyl sulfate, potassium laurate, and N-cocoyl-l-glutamic acid monosodium salt. The amount of surfactant from aqueous solution adsorbed into the stratum corneum (SC), the degree of SC swelling, the change of the secondary structure of SC proteins (denaturation). The surface tension of surfactant–zein mixed solutions, and the solubilization behavior of zein were measured. Results showed that EC had the lowest adsorption into SC, the lowest SC swelling, and lowest denaturation of SC proteins. Low interactions between surfactants and SC proteins were also observed for EC/ES mixture solutions as well as. Mixing EC with ES good foaming performance. The EC/ES mixture, at about 1:1 ratio, is an excellent surfactant system for skin cleanser applications having cleansing characteristics and mildness to the skin.     

羧酸盐型双子表面活性剂合成研究进展

羧酸盐双子表面活性剂因其具有独特的物理化学性能及易生物降解等特性而广受国内外学者关注。本文主要对羧酸盐双子表面活性剂分子的疏水链、亲水基及联接基团的键合方式进行了概述。     

醇醚羧酸盐的绿色制备及其性能研究

以系列直链/支链脂肪醇醚、氢氧化钠和氧气为原料,在自制的Pd/C多组分催化剂催化下,合成了系列脂肪醇醚羧酸盐阴离子表面活性剂,反应过程为一步氧化法。该工艺属高效原子经济性反应,反应条件温和,反应过程不采用有毒有害原料,不产生三废排放,符合绿色与可持续化发展的趋势。同时对系列产品的表面张力、泡沫性、润湿性、乳化性以及复配性等应用性能进行了研究,为其开拓更广阔的应用领域提供参考依据。