Antihypertensive properties of aqueous extracts of vegetable leaf‐fortified bread after oral administration to spontaneously hypertensive rats

This study investigated the potential cardiovascular health benefits of leavened bread produced from wheat flour that contained 1%, 2% and 3% additions of leafy vegetable powders obtained from Amaranthus viridis (AO), Solanum macrocarpon (SM) or Telfairia occidentalis (TO). Dried breads were extracted with water at 60 °C followed by analysis for total polyphenolic content (TPC), as well as in vitro inhibitions of angiotensin‐converting enzyme and renin activities. HPLC analysis of the bread extracts indicated the presence of mainly rutin, gallic acid, myricetin and caffeic acid. TPC of the vegetable‐fortified breads was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (5.8–7.6 mg gallic acid equivalent, GAE/g) than that of control bread (5.5 mg GAE/g). Oral administration of 100 mg dried extract/kg body weight to spontaneously hypertensive rats led to reductions (up to 42 mmHg) in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure in comparison with 20 mmHg for the control bread.     

鸡卵清蛋白食物过敏大鼠中药口服治疗的实验研究

目的：建立鸡卵清蛋白（OVA）食物过敏大鼠模型,利用中药复方 Formula-3对食物过敏大鼠进行治疗,探讨其治疗效果及其机制。方法将24只 BN 大鼠按随机数字表法分为 PBS 对照组、OVA 模型组及中药复方 For-mula-3治疗组,每组8只。OVA 模型组与中药复方 Formula-3治疗组在前6周和第7、9、11、13周分别予 OVA（1 mg·mL－1）灌胃致敏,每天1次;于第13周末以 OVA（100 mg·mL－1）进行激发,建立大鼠 OVA 食物过敏模型。其中中药复方 Formula-3治疗组于第7周开始同时给予1 mL 中药复方 Formula-3（150 mg·mL－1）灌胃治疗,每天1次;OVA 模型组则以1 mL 的0．1 mmol· L－1 PBS 灌胃治疗。PBS 对照组致敏、激发和治疗均予以浓度为0．1 mmol·L－1的 PBS 1 mL 灌胃。激发24 h 后处死大鼠,测定3组大鼠血清中 OVA 特异性 IgE 水平、计算肥大细胞脱颗粒的百分比、观察肠道组织超微结构病理变化等,对治疗效果进行评价。结果 OVA 模型组血清中OVA 特异性 IgE 抗体显著高于 PBS 对照组、脱颗粒肥大细胞数量显著多于 PBS 对照组（均 P ＜0．01）;中药复方Formula-3治疗组血清中 OVA 特异性 IgE 水平显著低于 OVA 模型组、肥大细胞脱颗粒显著少于 OVA 模型组（均P ＜0．01）。OVA 模型组肠黏膜微绒毛变形,细胞内细胞器损伤,细胞间连接破坏,炎性细胞浸润增多;中药复方Formula-3治疗组微绒毛均匀整齐,细胞器基本正常,细胞间连接紧密,与 OVA 模型组相比病变明显轻微。结论中药复方 Formula-3能有效地降低食物过敏大鼠血清中 OVA 特异性 IgE,减少肥大细胞脱颗粒并减轻肠道的病理改变,对食物过敏有良好的治疗效果。     

水蛭多肽对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的：探讨水蛭多肽提取物对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法采用线栓法制备大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤模型,制模成功后按随机数字表法分为4组：模型组（A 组,n＝6）、水蛭多肽低剂量组（5 mg· kg－1,B 组,n＝7）、水蛭多肽高剂量组（10 mg·kg－1,C 组,n＝8）及灯盏花素注射液阳性对照组（5 mg·kg－1,D 组,n＝7）;另取大鼠7只制作假手术组（E 组）。5组均尾静脉注射给药,每日1次,连续7 d;B、C、D 组给予相对应药物,A、E组给予等体积生理盐水。采用称重法测定大鼠体质量、进食量,TTC 染色法测定脑梗死体积,伊文思蓝法测定血-脑屏障功能。结果与 A 组比较,B、C、D 组体质量降低程度、神经功能评分、脑梗死体积均显著减小,进食量显著增加,血-脑屏障功能显著改善（P ＜0．05或 P ＜0．01）。结论水蛭多肽对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤具有显著的保护作用,其保护机制与其对血-脑屏障损伤的改善有关。     

Nickel Nanoparticles Exposure and Reproductive Toxicity in Healthy Adult Rats

Nickel is associated with reproductive toxicity. However, the reproductive toxicity of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) is unclear. Our goal was to determine the association between nickel nanoparticle exposure and reproductive toxicity. According to the one-generation reproductive toxicity standard, rats were exposed to nickel nanoparticles by gavage and we selected indicators including sex hormone levels, sperm motility, histopathology, and reproductive outcome etc. Experimental results showed nickel nanoparticles increased follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and lowered etradiol (E₂) serum levels at a dose of 15 and 45 mg/kg in female rats. Ovarian lymphocytosis, vascular dilatation and congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and increase in apoptotic cells were found in ovary tissues in exposure groups. For male rats, the weights decreased gradually, the ratio of epididymis weight over body weight increased, the motility of rat sperm changed, and the levels of FSH and testosterone (T) diminished. Pathological results showed the shedding of epithelial cells of raw seminiferous tubule, disordered arrangement of cells in the tube, and the appearance of cell apoptosis and death in the exposure group. At the same time, Ni NPs resulted in a change of the reproductive index and the offspring development of rats. Further research is needed to elucidate exposure to human populations and mechanism of actions.