兔肉香肠中乳酸菌分离与发酵特性的研究

从传统自然发酵兔肉香肠中分离得到3株乳酸菌L26、L34和L106经鉴定分别为植物乳杆菌（Lactoba—cillus．plantarum）、清酒乳杆菌（L．sake）和果糖乳杆菌（L加”蜘淞）。对其发酵特性的研究表明：3株茵均有良好的产酸能力、耐盐能力、耐亚硝酸盐能力和抑菌性能,相互之间无拮抗作用,可作为发酵兔肉用混合发酵剂。     

Fermentation by Amylolytic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Consequences for Starch Digestibility of Plantain, Breadfruit, and Sweet Potato Flours

The potential of tropical starchy plants such as plantain (Musa paradisiaca), breadfruit (Artocarpus communis), and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) for the development of new fermented foods was investigated by exploiting the capacity of some lactic acid bacteria to hydrolyze starch. The amylolytic lactic acid bacteria (ALAB) Lactobacillus plantarum A6 and Lactobacillus fermentum Ogi E1 were able to change the consistency of thick sticky gelatinized slurries of these starchy fruits and tubers into semiliquid to liquid products. Consequently, a decrease in apparent viscosity and an increase in Bostwick flow were observed. These changes and the production of maltooligosaccharides confirmed starch hydrolysis. Sucrose in sweet potato was not fermented by strain A6 and poorly fermented by strain Ogi E1, suggesting possible inhibition of sucrose fermentation. In all 3 starchy plants, rapidly digestible starch (RDS) was higher than slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) represented between 17% and 30% dry matter (DM). The digestibility of plantain was not affected by fermentation, whereas the RDS content of breadfruit and sweet potato decreased and the RS content increased after fermentation. Practical Application: The characteristics resulting from different combinations of gluten free starchy plants (plantain, breadfruit, sweet potato) and amylolytic lactic acid bacteria (ALAB) offer opportunities to develop new functional fermented beverages, mainly for breadfruit and sweet potato, after further investigation of their formulation, sensory attributes, nutritional, and prebiotic characteristics.     

Exopolysaccharide production from whey lactose by fermentation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus

Ropy Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (strain RR) was used for production of exopolysaccharide in sweet whey and simulated whey permeate (SWP) supplemented with combinations of lactose, KH₂PO₄, NH₄Cl, casamino acids, and mineral salts. Media were incubated at 32, 37, and 44°C for 72h. Periodic adjustment of pH to ～6.2 increased viscosity and lactose utilization, and the free galactose and lactic acid in the media. The effect of pH adjustment was greater than that of supplementation with nutrients or minerals. Fermentation of supplemented SWP generally produced lower viscosities than did fermentation of supplemented sweet whey. After 24h fermentation, viscosity decreased in pH adjusted media. Viscosity of media was highest when incubation was at 32°C and lowest with incubation at 44°C.     

氯化钠对几种常见菌的抑制作用

文章主要研究了NaCl对几种常见菌的抑制作用,设计了梯度平板实验和肉汤增值实验.梯度平板实验表明:很低的NaCl浓度就能抑制假丝酵母和乳酸杆菌生长;NaCl溶液浓度大约在5%以下对大肠杆菌具有抑制作用;浓度大约为8.5%的NaCl溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用.肉汤增值实验表明:浓度4%的NaCl溶液对大肠杆菌具有抑制作用,浓度1.5%的NaCl溶液对乳酸杆菌和假丝酵母具有明显抑制杀灭作用,浓度7.5%的NaCl溶液对枯草芽孢杆菌具有抑制作用,浓度10%的NaCl溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用.实验结果为NaCl抑菌作用提供了数据支持,所设计的实验方法为进一步开展NaCl杀菌抑菌作用的研究奠定了基础.     

发酵牛乳酒的研制

用乳酸菌、酵母菌酵生产牛乳酒。由对比实验得出乳酸菌和酵母菌单独发酵优于混合发酵。通过正交实验确定牛乳酒的最佳发酵工艺条件为：原料乳加糖8%（质量分类），酵母菌（质量分数为8%）在30℃发酵22h，然后再添加乳酸菌（质量分数5%）在40℃下培养2h。成品指标：酒精度0.60%,乳酸度1.05%，口感细腻、滑润，酸度适中，无脂肪及上清液析出，凝乳状态良好，无渣状，乳白色不透明，有较浓厚的醇香味。     

发酵型猪骨调味料的研制

利用瑞士乳杆菌发酵猪骨酶解液制备发酵型猪骨调味料。结果表明,发酵工艺条件为液体种子种龄9h、接种量9%、发酵温度40℃、发酵时间18h,得到的发酵液苦味消失、氨基态氮含量增加、猪骨风味增强。此发酵液经调配得到发酵型猪骨调味料。     

全细胞脂肪酸气相色谱法鉴别乳杆菌和明串珠菌

运用气相色谱—质谱联用技术对6种乳杆菌(14株)和3种明串珠菌(3株)进行全细胞脂肪酸组成分析。根据细胞脂肪酸组成和特征峰的峰形可以把测试菌株分为5群。用这方法9株中只有3株的菌种得到鉴别。而用微机对脂肪酸组成进行聚类分析,可使除干酪乳杆菌1042(不典型菌株)和阿拉伯聚糖乳杆菌以外的所有测试菌株均能鉴别到种的水平。     

无糖酸牛奶的研制

用木糖醇代替蔗糖，生产的无糖酸牛奶，在口感上，与以蔗糖为甜味剂的酸牛奶相近，能被大部分消费者接受通过单因素实验及口感测试，得到最优木糖醇添加量为：木糖醇8％。     

乳酸菌营养饮料稳定性的研究

探讨了蛋白酶酶解牛乳蛋白对发酵型乳酸菌饮料稳定性的影响。研究表明,加入0.0015%的胰蛋白酶,在42℃下发酵6h的酸乳,制作的乳酸菌饮料多肽和游离氨基酸的含量较高;当控制酸度在60°T,乳化稳定剂的添加量为0.5%,糖10%时,乳酸菌饮料的稳定性最佳,同时风味也较好。     

固形物添加方式及含量对乳酸菌饮料稳定性的影响

主要研究几种固形物的不同添加方式及含量对乳酸菌饮料稳定性的影响,通过对产品稳定性的分析测试及长时间观察,结果表明:蔗糖、CR3010参与发酵后,产品的稳定性均得到很大提高,且二者参与发酵的比例均为25%时,产品的稳定性及口感最佳;而采用葡萄糖参与发酵的方式来改善乳酸菌饮料稳定性效果不明显。