TiO2/MXene-Assisted LDI-MS for Urine Metabolic Profiling in Urinary Disease

Cancer remains an intractable medical problem. Rapid diagnosis and identification of cancer are critical to differentiate it from nonmalignant diseases. High-throughput biofluid metabolic analysis has potential for cancer diagnosis. Nevertheless, the present metabolite analysis method does not meet the demand for high-throughput screening of diseases. Herein, a high-throughput, cost-effective, and noninvasive urine metabolic profiling method based on TiO₂/MXene-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) is presented for the efficient screening of bladder cancer (BC) and nonmalignant urinary disease. Combined with machine learning, TiO₂/MXene-assisted LDI-MS enables high diagnostic accuracy (96.8%) for the classification of patient groups (including 47 BC and 46 ureteral calculus (UC) patients) from healthy controls (113 cases). In addition, BC patients can also be identified from noncancerous UC individuals with an accuracy of 88.3% in the independent test cohort. Furthermore, metabolite variations between BC and UC individuals are investigated based on relative quantification, and related pathways are also discussed. These results suggest that this method, based on urine metabolic patterns, provides a potential tool for rapidly distinguishing urinary diseases and it may pave the way for precision medicine.     

改性氧化钛对羟乙基乙二胺水溶液解吸CO2的强化

羟乙基乙二胺（AEE）水溶液的CO₂循环吸收量高（1.2molCO₂/molAEE），吸收速度快，稳定性好，但解吸速度慢、解吸量少（0.8mol CO₂/mol AEE）是限制该技术广泛应用的主要原因。本文通过向AEE水溶液中添加质量分数为0.05%～0.20%的改性氧化钛（TiO₂-MWCNT和TiO₂-OH）强化AEE的解吸能力。CO₂循环吸收（40℃）-解吸（120℃）实验结果表明改性氧化钛的添加比氧化钛强化CO₂解吸效果更好，强化顺序为TiO₂-MWCNT＞TiO₂-OH；其对应的最大解吸速率分别为0.093L/min（质量分数0.15%）和0.083L/min（质量分数0.20%），相对于AEE水溶液，分别提高了32.9%和18.6%；其对应的最大解吸量分别为0.92molCO₂/molAEE（质量分数0.15%）和0.88molCO₂/molAEE（质量分数0.20%），分别提高了12.2%和9.7%；其对应的CO₂循环吸收量分别是0.95molCO₂/molAEE（质量分数0.15%）和0.89molCO₂/molAEE（质量分数0.15%），分别提高了18.75%和11.25%；5次循环吸收解吸实验结果表明改性氧化钛强化CO₂解吸效果稳定，具有较强的化学稳定性。对反应后的改性氧化钛进行XRD、BET、FTIR和SEM表征，结果表明改性氧化钛具有较强的结构稳定性。TiO₂-MWCNT和TiO₂-OH在促进有机胺溶液解吸CO₂方面具有一定的工业应用潜力。     

LiAlH4–ZrCl4 mixtures for hydrogen release at near room temperature

The dehydrogenation temperature of LiAlH₄ was significantly reduced by the production of mixtures with ZrCl₄. Stoichiometric 4:1, and 5 mol % mixtures of LiAlH₄ and ZrCl₄ were produced by ball milling at room temperature and ?196 °C, and tested for dehydrogenation at low temperature. Cryogenic ball-milling resulted in an effective way to produce reactive mixtures for hydrogen release; because of achieving small aggregates size (5–20 μm) in 10 min of cryomilling while preventing substantial decomposition during preparation. Dehydrogenation reaction in the mixtures LiAlH₄/ZrCl₄ started around 31–47 °C under different heating rates. Partial dehydrogenation was proved at 70 °C: 4.4 wt % for the 5 mol% ZrCl₄–LiAlH₄ mixture, and 3.4 wt % for the best 4:1 stoichiometric mixture. Complete dehydrogenation up to 250 °C released 6.4 wt% and 4.1 wt%, respectively. Dehydrogenation reactions are exothermic, and the LiAlH₄/ZrCl₄ mixtures are unstable and difficult to handle. The activation energy of the exothermic reactions was estimated as 113.5 ± 9.8 kJ/mol and 40.6 ± 6.6 kJ/mol for 4LiAlH₄+ZrCl₄ and 5%mol ZrCl₄+LiAlH₄ samples milled in cryogenic conditions, respectively. The dehydrogenation pathway was changed in the LiAlH₄/ZrCl₄ mixtures as compared to pure LiAlH₄. Dehydrogenation reaction is proposed to form Al, LiCl, Zr, and H₂ as main products. Modification of the dehydrogenation reaction of LiAlH₄ was achieved at the cost of reducing the total hydrogen release capacity.     

Microstructure and hydrogen storage properties of Ti–V–Cr based BCC-type high entropy alloys

In this work, the crystal structure and hydrogen storage properties of V₃₅Ti₃₀Cr₂₅Fe₁₀, V₃₅Ti₃₀Cr₂₅Mn₁₀, V₃₀Ti₃₀Cr₂₅Fe₁₀Nb₅ and V₃₅Ti₃₀Cr₂₅Fe₅Mn₅ BCC-type high entropy alloys have been investigated. It was found that high entropy promotes the formation of BCC phase while large atomic difference (δ) has the opposite effect. Among the four alloys, the V₃₅Ti₃₀Cr₂₅Mn₁₀ alloy shows the highest hydrogen absorption capacity while the V₃₅Ti₃₀Cr₂₆Fe₅Mn₅ alloy exhibits the highest reversible capacity. The cause of the loss of desorption capacity is mainly due to the high stability of the hydrides. The higher room-temperature desorption capacity of the V₃₅Ti₃₀Cr₂₅Fe₅Mn₅ alloy is due to higher hydrogen desorption pressure. After pumping at 400 °C, the hydrides can return to the original BCC structure with only a small expansion in the cell volume.     

Amine-containing olefin copolymer with CO2-switchable oil absorption and desorption

Global decrease in crude oil resources and frequent crude oil leaks cause the energy crisis and ecological pollution. The absorption and release of leaked crude oil through absorption materials are a necessary process for environmental protection and recycling. In this article, a CO₂-responsive olefin copolymer was obtained by copolymerization of styrene and an amine-containing olefin monomer. The structure of resultant copolymer was characterized by FTIR; thermal properties and CO₂-responsive morphology changes were determined by DSC/TGA and SEM, respectively. Copolymers had certain absorption capacity for toluene with absorption rate up to 180.0%. The absorbed toluene could be released upon CO₂ stimulation with desorption rate up to 84.6%. The CO₂-responsive copolymer could be regenerated through a simple heating process and showed stable absorption–desorption performance even after being recycled for 4 times. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47439.     

Experimental and numerical study of the isotherms and determination of physicochemical parameters of the hydrogen absorption/desorption process by the metal hydrides

In this work, absorption/desorption isotherms of the LaNi_3·6Mn_0·3Al_0·4Co_0.7 alloy, have been determined from the experimental data at three temperatures (T_Fluid = 298 K, T_Fluid = 303 K, and T_Fluid = 313 K). However, the experimental isotherms are compared with a proposed theoretical model. The physicochemical parameters of the proposed model are determined from the experimental data. Using these parameters, the absorption and desorption processes of hydrogen by the LaNi_3·6Mn_0·3Al_0·4Co_0.7 alloy can be compared. During the absorption/desorption process, the behaviors of each parameter are studied under the effect of temperature and pressure. In addition, internal energy, entropy, and enthalpy are calculated by using the proposed model. On the other hand, the temperature and pressure effects on the variation of these functions have been studied. The calculated physicochemical parameters suggested that the hydrogen absorption/desorption process in the LaNi_3·6Mn_0·3Al_0·4Co_0.7 alloy was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic in nature.     

Experimental study of a metal –hydrogen reactor's behavior under the action of an external magnetostatic field during absorption and desorption

The aim of this work is to experimentally study, the behavior of a metal-hydrogen reactor (MHR) subjected to the action of an external magnetostatic field, during hydrogen absorption and desorption by the LaNi5 hydride. The reactor was surrounded by a copper coil crossed by a continuous current delivered by a DC generator. In this study, the mass of the absorbed and desorbed hydrogen was measured and plotted for different initial temperatures and pressures functions of the applied magnetostatic field. The ratio of the hydrogen mass absorbed or desorbed with and without supplying a magnetostatic field was estimated after which the change in the saturation magnetization per 1 mol of desorbed hydrogen atom (ΔM_s), for the LaNi₅ compound; was determined.The results demonstrated that while the increase in temperature was not beneficial for the absorption reaction, it improved the desorption process. The increase in pressure leads to an increase in the absorbed hydrogen mass. The effect of the applied magnetostatic field was observed especially for the lowest temperatures in the case of the absorption reaction. In fact, we noticed a small increase in the absorbed mass, which decreased and disappeared in the highest temperatures. It was found that the magnetostatic field had no effect on the desorption reaction for the tested fields and temperatures. The low value of ΔM_s confirmed the paramagnetic nature of the sample.     

机动车三元催化剂结构性能的研究

当前治理汽车尾气污染的最好方法是采用含有贵金属的三元催化剂同时对NOx、HC、CO进行处理.催化转化器的结构性能直接影响催化效率的高低,准确测定及鉴定催化剂中主要部件的结构性能指标就具有重要意义.该文利用X-射线衍射光谱仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜能谱分析技术(SEM-EDS)以及等温液氮吸附-脱附技术对6种使用过的和未使用过的机动车尾气三元催化剂的结构性能进行分析研究.结果表明:可以通过X-射线衍射光谱仪区分各催化剂载体的材质,文中样品经鉴定都为堇青石陶瓷蜂窝载体,不同催化剂的比表面积和孔容存在差异;通过扫描电子显微镜可以观察到催化剂载体表面涂层的微观结构,及一些催化剂载体表面涂层出现的裂纹;通过能谱分析各载体主要元素的大致含量.     

含复合(Ti,Mo)C析出相的马氏体钢的氢捕获与解吸附

采用热脱氢分析装置 (TDS) 研究了含复合 (Ti,Mo)C析出相的马氏体钢的氢的捕获与解吸附行为。结果表明,36-60 nm的未溶球形(Ti,Mo)复合析出相在室温电化学充氢过程中不能捕获氢,而回火析出的1-5 nm的复合 (Ti,Mo)C析出相是有效的氢陷阱,尽管其氢陷阱激活能相对较低,为16.4-22.1 kJ/mol,与晶界、位错处的氢陷阱激活能相近,同时远低于纯的共格TiC析出相的氢陷阱激活能,但在大气中放置时,被回火析出的1-5 nm的复合 (Ti,Mo)C析出相捕获的氢无法解吸。