Fair‐Weather Friends: Evidence of Lipoxin Dysregulation in Neurodegeneration

Lipoxins (LXs) are autacoids, specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) acting locally in a paracrine or autocrine fashion. They belong to a complex superfamily of dietary small polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)–metabolites, which direct potent cellular responses to resolve inflammation and restore tissue homeostasis. Together, these SPM activities have been intensely studied in systemic inflammation and acute injury or infection, but less is known about LX signaling and activities in the central nervous system. LXs are derived from arachidonic acid, an omega‐6 PUFA. In addition to well‐established roles in systemic inflammation resolution, they have increasingly become implicated in regulating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. In particular, chronic inflammation plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology, and dysregulated LX production and activities have been reported in a variety of AD rodent models and clinical tissue samples, yet with complex and sometimes conflicting results. In addition, reduced LX production following retinal injury has been reported recently by the authors, and an intriguing direct neuronal activity promoting survival and homeostasis in retinal and cortical neurons is demonstrated. Here, the authors review and clarify this growing literature and suggest new research directions to further elaborate the role of lipoxins in neurodegeneration.     

非饱和土的抗剪强度理论研究

从孔隙水的存在状态出发 ,围绕Bishop抗剪强度公式中存在的几个疑点展开讨论 .认为非饱和土中支配强度和变形的应力之所以不同 ,是因为非饱和土中存在一种性质与有效应力不同的应力———内部应力 ,它不传递 ,仅影响土的塑性变形 .同时还对Bishop ,Fredlund和卢肇钧提出的抗剪强度公式中的参数测试方法进行分析 ,指出 :各种抗剪强度理论在概念上都是相同的 ,其区别仅在于确定由吸力产生的那部分有效应力时采用的参数和测试方法不同     

饱和—非饱和土体非稳定渗流数值分析

本文对一般的非饱和渗流有限元计算方法加以改进，有效地消除了非饱和渗流数值计算中存在的数值弥散现象。同时还提出了一种简便有效的逸出面处理新方法，并给出了非饱和非稳定渗流计算的实例。     

Ultrasound‐activated Knoevenagel condensation of malononitrile with carbonylic compounds catalysed by alkaline‐doped saponites

α,β‐Unsaturated nitriles have been synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation of a carbonylic compound with malononitrile, assisted by sonochemical irradiation. Two alkaline‐promoted clays (Li⁺‐ and Cs⁺‐exchanged saponites) have been employed as catalysts. The influence of the carbonylic compound (benzaldehyde or cyclohexanone) and the use of a solvent on the catalytic activity have been studied. Remarkable increase in the conversion values has been found when the reaction is activated by ultrasound, as compared with the thermal activation. In this green, solvent‐free procedure, α,β‐unsaturated nitriles have been produced in very high yields (97%) when the Cs⁺‐saponite is used as catalyst. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于图像测量的非饱和土p-s平面屈服轨迹研究

运用数字图像测量方法，测量非饱和土试样的整体变形和试样受端部约束影响较小的中部1／3区域的变形．控制吸力的非饱和压实土各向等压试验结果表明，试样整体与中部1／3区域的比体积与平均净应力的试验关系曲线存在明显差异，据此确定的LC屈服曲线也有差别．无论是试验值还是数值模型预测的结果，都是测量试样整体变形所得的弹性区较大．     

Significance of fluid regime in biological filtration

A dispersed flow model previously developed to study substrate utilization in unsaturated media was experimentally verified and its practical application was considered. For this purpose, measurements were made using tap water and a synthetic feed solution. The importance of the change in fluid regime as regards to the simultaneous transport and reaction within biological filters were demonstrated. The effect of drop formation and the breakage of liquid jets inside the filters on substrate utilization was also shown.     

端基封闭法合成双环戊二烯改性不饱和聚酯

研究端基封闭法合成双环戊二烯（ＤＣＰＤ）改性不饱和聚能工艺条件对产品性能的影响。研究结果表明，合成反应的最佳工艺条件为总酸酐：丙二醇：ＤＣＰＤ＝１：１．１：０．１─０．１６；封端反应温度１３０─１４０℃催化剂量为总重量的０．０２％─０．０３％；聚酯酸值５０ｍｇｋＯＨ·ｇ￣（－１）时滴加ＤＣＰＤ，滴加时间控制在１─２小时；加成反应时间为２小时左右。     

氯氧镁水泥对不饱和树脂的阻燃性能与阻燃机理研究

采用极限氧指数法、热重分析和烟密度测试法研究了氯氧镁水泥在不饱和树脂（UP）中的阻燃作用和阻燃机理。研究表明经偶联剂处理后的氯氧镁水泥对UP具有良好的阻燃抑烟效果，并通过增加UP在高温下的热稳定性和降低热失重速率等机理发挥阻燃作用：氯氧镁水泥含量在40％内对UP的力学性能影响较小，是一种新型的无机添加型阻燃剂。     

Study on phase behavior–impact strength relationship of unsaturated polyester/polyurethane hybrid polymer network

The phase behavior of a hybrid polymer network (HPN) composed of poly[(propylene glycol maleate)-co-(propylene glycol phthalate)] crosslinked with styrene and polyester–urethane crosslinked with methylene-bis-ortho-chloroaniline was examined. The correlation between phase separation and impact strength of the HPNs is discussed. The composition of HPNs has an effect on their properties.     

非饱和土二、三维固结方程简化计算方法

针对非饱和土的固结问题的复杂性,为了计算的简化,将非饱和土固结分为3个阶段:初期压密、气压消散和水压消散。假定前两个阶段是瞬间完成的,其后独立考虑水压的消散。分别建立3个阶段的二、三维控制方程,以计算各阶段的气压、水压、骨架应力、相应的土体变形和水量变化。算例的计算结果表明本文方法简便、实用。该简化方法主要适用于饱和度不太高的非饱和土,而对饱和度较高的非饱和土,由于气压消散过程较长,不宜采用。