Suppression of tool damage in ultraprecision diamond machining of stainless steel by applying electron-beam-excited plasma nitriding

Mirror surface machining of stainless steel with single-crystalline diamond tools is proposed in this study by applying a new nitriding method, called electron-beam-excited-plasma (EBEP) nitriding, to workpiece surfaces as pretreatment. It is well known that mirror surface finish of steel workpieces by conventional diamond cutting is unachievable owing to rapid tool wear. Nitriding of steel workpieces has been one of the several attempts to prevent the rapid tool wear of diamond tools. It has been reported that the rapid tool wear is caused by thermochemical interaction between diamond and steel, and that the wear can be greatly reduced by nitriding of steel. However, hard compounds formed on the outmost surfaces of workpieces by the conventional nitriding methods can cause micro-chippings of cutting tools. The authors has recently developed a new nitriding method called EBEP nitriding, in which a high dissociation rate for nitrogen molecules is achieved using the electron-beam-excited-plasma, and iron-compounds-free nitriding has been realized. Therefore, the EBEP nitriding is applied to a typical mold material, modified AISI 420 stainless steel, aiming at suppressing the micro-chippings as well as the thermochemical tool wear during diamond cutting of the stainless steel. The conventional ion nitriding and the gas nitrocarburizing are also applied to the same stainless steel in comparison. Chemical components of the nitrided workpiece surfaces are analyzed by an electron prove micro-analyzer (EPMA) and an X-ray diffraction (XRD) in advance, and turning experiments are conducted with single-crystalline diamond tools. Subsequently, changes in cutting forces and roughness of finished surfaces and tool damages after the turning experiments are evaluated. Finally, mirror surface machining by using the EBEP nitriding is demonstrated, and its advantages and disadvantages in the diamond cutting of stainless steel are summarized in comparison with the conventional nitriding methods.     

内燃机活塞环表面处理技术

活塞环在内燃机中有着支撑、密闭、储油、导热的作用,内燃机活塞环制备材料应该具备优良的加工性能、耐高温、耐腐蚀、导热性好且具有良好的强韧性,较好的与气缸材料表面的磨合性能。球墨铸铁和专用钢材已经成为制备内燃机活塞环的基础材料,目前国内外采用多种表面处理技术比如:镀铬、氮化、PVD与CVD镀膜、喷钼、喷涂陶瓷层等表面处理工艺进行表面改性,提高内燃机活塞环的使用寿命和使用性能。需要不断研究和开发新的内燃机活塞环的表面处理技术来满足实际生产和应用中内燃机越来越高的要求。     

Corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity of plasma nitrided titanium

The continuous and dense Ti–N compound layers with a thickness ranging from 0.7 to 2.1 μm were formed on the titanium by plasma nitriding at 700 °C for different times with hollow cathode discharge assistance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the nitrided layer. XRD and XPS results showed that the compound layer was mainly composed of Ti₂N phase. The corrosion current density of 4 h nitrided titanium was 0.016 μA/cm² (cathode) and 0.03 μA/cm² (anode), respectively. The electrical conductivity of samples was evaluated by means of the interfacial contact resistance (ICR). The value of 4 h nitrided titanium was 4.94 mΩ-cm² which was much lower than that of original titanium 26.25 mΩ-cm² under applied force of 150 Ncm^?2 after corrosion test. The results showed that the electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance of the titanium bipolar plates (BPs) were apparently improved with the formation of Ti₂N compound layer.     

盐浴软氮化42CrMo的摩擦学性能分析

对42CrMo进行盐浴软氮化处理,分析盐浴软氮化处理对42CrMo试样硬度的影响,研究不同润滑条件下42CrMo试样的摩擦学性能,分析其摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:盐浴软氮化处理过的42CrMo的平均硬度为HV747.33,约是未处理基体的(HV310)的2.5倍;在其他条件相同时,随载荷的增加,干摩擦条件下42CrMo的摩擦因数先增加后减小,边界润滑和油润滑条件下的摩擦因数不断增加;42CrMo在干摩擦条件下的摩擦因数、表面磨痕深度和磨损量均要明显高于边界润滑和油润滑条件下;在干摩擦条件下42CrMo的磨损机制为严重的黏着磨损和塑性变形,边界润滑条件下42CrMo表面磨损减缓,有轻微犁沟;油润滑条件下42CrMo表面为磨粒磨损,无明显变形。     

Wear behavior of AISI D2 steel by enhanced ion nitriding with atomic attrition

An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of atomic attrition on wear behavior of AISI D2 steel. Wear tests were conducted under three different loads (5, 10, and 20 N) and sliding speeds (100, 200, and 500 rpm), using ball-on-disk type tester and SiC ball. After wear test, the specimen nitrided with ion bombardment showed superior wear behavior. The enhanced hardness by ion bombardment could have a beneficial effect on increased wear resistance. In addition, a wider and more adhesive oxide layer formed on the worn surface of ion-bombarded specimen, because of the rougher structure on the surface by ion bombardment, could lead the surface to withstand wear for longer duration time, acting as a protective layer.     

不锈钢表面含Cu功能梯度复合改性层的制备及抗菌性能

为提高奥氏体不锈钢(ASS)的耐磨性及赋予其抗菌性能,应用改进的活性屏离子渗氮(ASPN)技术,将纯铜冲孔板置于不锈钢冲孔板上面作为活性屏的顶盖,对316奥氏体不锈钢在低温下(430℃)进行表面渗氮处理,在其表面形成由含Cu抗菌沉积层和S相(氮在奥氏体中的过饱和固溶体γ_N)硬质支撑层组成的功能梯度复合改性层。用扫描电镜(SEM)及其所附能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征复合改性层的组织形貌、成分及相结构。用显微硬度计和往复摩擦磨损试验机测试了基体和复合改性层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能,用金黄色葡萄球菌进行体外抗菌试验评价复合改性层的抗菌性能。结果表明,在偏压达到250 V后,形成了连续分布的硬质S相扩散层和含Cu沉积层组成的复合改性层。改性层表面最高硬度可达928 HV0.05,与Si₃N₄小球对磨时比磨损率较基体降低约57.76%,显著提高了不锈钢的耐磨性。抗菌试验表明,复合改性层与金黄色葡萄球菌接触24 h后,对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌率提高到98.5%。改进的活性屏离子渗氮技术制备的功能梯度复合改性层可以有效提高...     

AISI 300系列奥氏体不锈钢渗氮层组织和性能研究

目的 在AISI 300系列奥氏体不锈钢表面制备单一S相渗氮层,提高该系列不锈钢渗氮层的硬度、抗磨损性能,对比揭示渗氮前后不锈钢的磨损机制。方法 采用低温辉光等离子渗氮技术(LTPNT)在AISI 300系列奥氏体不锈钢表面制备渗氮层。利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析渗氮层的截面形貌、元素分布和物相组成;通过比磨损率和磨痕形貌分析渗氮层的摩擦学性能;利用电化学实验考察渗氮前后3种不锈钢的耐蚀性。结果 AISI 300系列奥氏体不锈钢经380 ℃、12 h处理后,其表面获得了厚度为15 μm左右、与基体致密结合、组织成分均匀的渗氮层;渗氮层的相结构主要为S相,无CrN相析出;经渗氮后,该系列不锈钢表面硬度均为1 100HV左右,较基体硬度提高了5倍左右;不锈钢基体的磨损机理为黏着和磨粒磨损,经渗氮后转变为氧化磨损和微切削;渗氮层的比磨损率约为不锈钢基体的1/20,抗磨损的能力得到显著提升;在25 ℃环境温度下渗氮后,304L、316L和321的自腐蚀电位下降,腐蚀电流密度增加,腐蚀速率加快,耐腐蚀性能稍有降低。通过对比腐蚀形貌发现,渗氮层仍具有一定的耐蚀性能。结论 通过LTPNT可以获得高硬度、组织均匀致密、结合强度高的渗氮层,渗氮层中S相的存在可以显著提高AISI 300系列奥氏体不锈钢的表面硬度、抗磨损能力,降低其摩擦因数和比磨损率,对延长不锈钢的服役寿命有着积极的作用。     

阀门硬化处理工艺对蒽醌法生产双氧水的影响

目前国内阀门硬化通常采用渗氮处理,渗氮工艺具有增强阀门使用寿命,提高阀门轴套耐磨性等优点。但采用渗氮工艺处理之后,继续进行酸洗钝化处理后的阀门在蒽醌法生产双氧水工艺中的应用研究较少。为了增加这一方向的研究,论文介绍了对阀杆和轴套表面进行渗氮处理的几种方法,如离子渗氮、射频渗氮、微波渗氮、离子注入和离子湮没注入的方法增加阀杆和轴套的使用寿命和耐磨性。通过对奥氏体不锈钢三偏心异径蝶阀阀杆轴套进行渗氮处理后整体酸洗,酸洗后拆检并采用双氧水进行浸泡,对不同浸泡时间的双氧水进行浓度、稳定度和铁离子的测定,根据实验结果得出渗氮工艺处理过的阀门经过酸洗后,表面会含有大量铁离子,这些铁离子的存在会导致双氧水分解,降低双氧水的浓度和稳定度,因此不适合在蒽醌法生产双氧水中应用。而仅进行酸洗钝化处理的阀门,对于双氧水影响较小,在蒽醌法生产双氧水中应用较为合适。     

提高电池锌筒挤压模具性能的研究

近年来,随着锌锰电池从"低汞低铅低镉"向"无汞无铅无镉"的升级换代,针对电池锌筒挤压模具存在的问题和不足,经理论分析研究及相关实验,通过改进模具结构、优选模具材料、完善热处理及离子氮化工艺和过盈配合等方法,冲棒使用寿命达16万次/只以上,活塞垫头30万次/套以上,并解决了凹模合金脱套等问题。     

经济型双相不锈钢的离子氮化及其组织结构和腐蚀磨损性能

经济型双相不锈钢以其低廉价格、良好的力学及耐蚀性能的综合优势受到重视,但其硬度低,抗磨性能较差,限制了该合金的广泛应用。对LDX2101经济型双相不锈钢在390℃到480℃温度区间和25%N2+75%H2气氛中离子氮化10h,研究了氮化改性层的组织结构、机械性能、耐蚀性以及干摩擦和腐蚀磨损性能。结果表明,离子氮化后可在LDX2101表面形成一层具有一定硬度的致密氮化层,氮化层厚度随处理温度升高由5μm增加到28μm。表面原奥氏体和铁素体晶粒氮化后分别转化为S相(γN)和针状ε相镶嵌其中的氮在铁素体中的过饱和相αN。氮化后LDX2101的表面硬度最高可提高4倍以上,干摩擦条件下的磨损量可降低3个数量级以上。干摩擦条件下氮化层的耐磨性取决于氮化层硬度和厚度,而在腐蚀介质中的磨损性能与氮化层耐蚀性相关。研究证明只有低温离子氮化(≤420℃)可提高LDX2101的腐蚀磨损性能。