硅酸钠催化制备碳酸甘油酯

针对催化制备碳酸甘油酯过程中催化剂易失活、难回收的问题,以Na2Si O3·9H2O为原料,经焙烧、研磨、过筛等工艺处理后,制备得到了易分离且可循环使用的固体碱催化剂,并用于催化甘油与碳酸二甲酯的酯交换反应.探讨了催化剂的粒度和煅烧时间对催化剂活性的影响,以及甘油与碳酸二甲酯的摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等反应条件对酯交换反应的影响.结果表明,当催化剂用量为反应物质量的5%且甘油与碳酸二甲酯的摩尔比为1∶4时,在75℃反应2.5 h后甘油转化率高达97.8%,碳酸甘油酯收率为95.5%.     

超临界流体制备生物柴油研究进展

生物柴油是一种环境友好的绿色能源。目前国内外的制备方法主要有酸催化法、碱催化法、生物酶催化法以及超临界流体法。文章主要阐述了各种超临界法制备生物柴油的国内外研究最新进展,介绍了其反应机理及反应动力学,并与传统的方法做了比较,指出其优点在于无需使用催化剂、反应速度快、提纯分离过程简单、对环境友好、无污染等。     

Combustion analysis of Jatropha methyl esters and Pongamia methyl esters with the addition of ethanol as fuel in a diesel engine

The aim of our project is to experimentally access the practical applications of ethanol and blending it with some lubricating oils in a direct injection compression ignition engine. This replacement of conventional diesel with ethanol requires some of the properties of ethanol to be altered. In order to increase the lubricating property of ethanol, it is blended with some lubricating oils. Some of the preferred lubricating oils are methyl esters of Jatropha oil, Pongamia oil, etc. Ethanol is blended with these lubricating oils to reduce the corrosive property of ethanol. The different fuel blends [Pongamia–ethanol (50–50) and Jatropha–ethanol (50–50)] are used in the direct injection CI engine, the combustion characteristics are calculated and they are compared with diesel and a perfect blend is analysed. The engine combustion parameters such as peak pressure, heat release rate (HRR) and cumulative heat release rate were computed. The combustion analysis revealed that the early rate of pressure rise causes the cylinder pressure to rise early in the case of alternate fuels with a resulting lower rate of pressure rise and peak pressure. However, HRR and cumulative HRR show a maximum for Pongamia–ethanol (50–50) when compared with the neat diesel fuel.     

亚磷酸三苯酯扩链制备PBT/PET合金

采用亚磷酸三苯酯(TPPi)作为扩链剂熔融共混制备了聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)合金.通过力学性能测试、毛细管流变仪、差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了TPPi的用量对PBT/PET体系力学性能、流变行为及结晶性能的影响.结果表明,加入TPPi后PBT/PET体系的拉伸强度提高至60MPa...