Multichromic polymers based on pyrene clicked thienylpyrrole

In this study, the effect of pendant pyrene on the optical and electronic properties of poly(2,5‐dithienylpyrrole)s was studied. For this purpose a new pyrene coupled 2,5‐dithienylpyrrole derivative (SNS‐pyrene) was synthesized through click reaction. SNS‐pyrene was electrochemically polymerized and its electrochemical and optical properties were investigated by electrochemical and optical techniques. The polymer had a band gap of 3.36 eV and displayed light green to blue color variation upon oxidation in less than 2.48 s. Additionally, electrochemical copolymerization of SNS‐pyrene with 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene was achieved whilst a detailed investigation was performed on the effect of electrochemical polymerization conditions on the optoelectronic properties of the copolymers. Studies revealed that the copolymers exhibit multichromic reversible redox behavior with lower band gaps and shorter switching times than their parent polymer, P(SNS‐pyrene) © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.     

Sensitometric characteristics of an all‐solid‐state photoelectrochromic pixel for an electrochromic light‐addressable display

Abstract— An all solid‐state photoelectrochromic element (PECE) was developed on the basis of electrochromic layers of WO₃ and polyaniline with a layer of polymer electrolyte placed on a base of polyamidosulfoacid, in which a thin‐film CdS_xSe_1?x photoresistor was used as an electronic key. The dependence of the sensitometric characteristics of the PECE on the applied voltage was studied.     

Testing of electrochromic materials using symmetrical devices

“Symmetric materials” devices, where both electrodes are made of the same electrochromic materials, allow the in situ study of side reactions. Each transferred charge that is not used for the expected electrochromic reaction will cause a colour change in the whole symmetric device. Two electrochromic materials, WO₃ and IrO₂, are successively used to show how to obtain information about side reactions such as faradaic efficiency, reversibility and potential limits from the symmetric experiment. This in situ approach with a polymer electrolyte shows significant differences compared to results obtained with studies in aqueous electrolytes.     

聚合物电解质PEO全固态电致变色窗

本文用聚合物ＰＥＯ的锂盐络合物作电解质制作全固态电致变色窗，讨论了器件的特性，以及工艺条件的影响。     

Transmission properties for individual electrochromic layers in solid state devices based on polyaniline, Prussian Blue and tungsten oxide

In order to investigate the transmission properties in the whole solar spectrum for individual electrochromic layers in solid state devices incorporating polyaniline (PANI), Prussian Blue (PB) and tungsten oxide (WO3), the devices were fabricated with and without holes in the electrochromic coatings in several combinations. Both PANI and WO3 were deposited electrochemically on indium–tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates, while PB was deposited on top of the PANI coatings or directly on the ITO glass plates. Solid state devices were made by gluing the glass plates together with the solid polymer electrolyte poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane-sulphonic acid) (PAMPS), and thus, with and without holes in the three electrochromic coatings in different combinations, enabling us to study the optical properties of PANI, PB and WO3 separately, that is, the hole method. This method gives good qualitative, and to a certain degree quantitative, information, which may be of valuable help in designing electrochromic devices with specific tailor-made optical properties.     

A Dual-Mode Electrochromic Platform Integrating Zinc Anode-Based and Rocking-Chair Electrochromic Devices

The complementary electrochromic device, where the optical transmittance changes upon the flow of cations back and forth between anodic and cathodic electrodes, operates in a rocking-chair fashion if it can inherently self-discharge. Herein, the first demonstration of a dual-mode electrochromic platform having self-coloring and self-bleaching characteristics is reported, which is realized by sandwiching zinc metal within a newly-designed Prussian blue (PB)-WO₃ rocking-chair type electrochromic device. It is demonstrated that the redox potential differences between the zinc metal and the WO₃/PB electrodes endow the self-color-switching of these electrodes. By employing a hybrid electrolyte of Zn²⁺/K⁺, it is further shown that the colored PB-WO₃ rocking-chair device is capable of spontaneously bleaching when the anodic and cathodic electrodes are coupled. This dual-mode light-control strategy enables the electrochromic devices to exhibit four distinct optical states with the highest optical contrast of 72.6% and fast switching times (<5 s for the bleaching/coloration processes). Furthermore, the built-in voltage of the dual-mode electrochromic devices not only promotes energy efficiency, but also augments the bistability of the devices. It is envisioned that the broad implication of the present platform is in the development of self-powered smart windows, colorful displays, optoelectronic switches, and optical sensors.     

WO3薄膜的磁控溅射法制备及电致变色性能

采用直流反应磁控溅射制备了具有优异电致变色性能的WO3薄膜。通过对成膜参数的调控,实现了低功率和短溅射时间的制膜制度,获得了较宽的工艺范围。通过X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、光学轮廓仪、电化学工作站、紫外-可见-红外分光光度计研究了薄膜的物相、微观结构、厚度、电致变色性能。研究表明:在溅射功率为50 W,溅射压强为2.0 Pa,反应气体流量为20 sccm时所制得的薄膜性能最为优越。所制备薄膜具有较短的变色响应时间和大幅度的变色调制幅度,其对可见光变色调制幅度达到80%。     

电致变色器件用聚合物电解质材料的研究进展

阐述了电致变色器件的工作原理、各层材料组成及其特点，着重讨论了聚合物电解质层的种类和其性能特点，评述了电致变色器件用聚合物电解质材料的最新研究进展，并展望了其应用前景和发展方向。     

无机复合纳米材料电致变色薄膜研究进展

开发循环稳定性好,着/褪色响应快,变色效率高的薄膜是电致变色材料的研究重点。与有机材料相比,无机材料的稳定性更强,实用性更好。通过构筑高孔隙率、低电阻率、大比表面积和多活性位点的微纳结构活性薄膜,能有效提高电致变色性能。本文阐述了电致变色器件的变色原理,详细介绍了介孔结构、纳米阵列结构及核壳结构等特殊微纳结构无机电致变色薄膜的性能优势和发展现状,进而探讨了微纳结构薄膜存在的瓶颈问题和发展趋势,有利于精准拓展研究思路,对推动无机电致变材料的发展与应用具有指导作用。