Chemically modified organic/inorganic nanoporous composite particles for the adsorption of reactive black 5 from aqueous solution

In the present work, we report a chemically modified polyacrylamide/silica nanoporous composite adsorbent for the removal of reactive black 5 (RB5) azo dye from aqueous solutions. The composite adsorbent was synthesized in a packed bed and modified by ethylenediamine (EDA). The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermoporometry, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical stability of the adsorbent was examined in a packed bed by following the back-pressure of the column. Pore diameter of the composite adsorbent in dry and wet states was estimated to be about 18.71 nm and 12.61 nm, respectively. Adsorption experiments were performed in batch mode and effect of various operational parameters on the adsorption capability of the adsorbent was studied systematically. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified composites was found to be 454.5 mg RB5/g of adsorbent. The equilibrium data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, BET and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models and found to fit well to the BET isotherm. The data kinetically followed the pseudo-second-order model. High adsorption capacity, fast removal mechanism, and good mechanical stability are three advantages of the presented composite for the removal of RB5.     

Photo-Fenton removal of water-soluble polymers

This paper presents the results of experiments carried out in a laboratory-scale photochemical reactor on the photodegradation of different polymers in aqueous solutions by the photo-Fenton process. Solutions of three polymers, polyethyleneglicol (PEG), polyacrylamide (PAM), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were tested under different conditions. The reaction progress was evaluated by sampling and analyzing the total organic carbon concentration in solution (TOC) along the reaction time. The behavior of the different polymers is discussed, based on the evolution of the TOC–time curves. Under specific reaction conditions, the formation and coalescence of solid particles was visually observed. Solids formation occurred simultaneously to a sharp decrease in the TOC of the liquid phase. This may be favorable for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing polymers, since the photodegradation process can be coupled with solid separation systems, which may reduce the treatment cost.     

CPAM的分子参数对页岩抑制性的影响

通过合成的一系列具有不同分子量的聚丙烯酰胺的阳离子化制得具有不同分子参数的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（ＣＰＡＭ）。经评价实验就分子参数对页岩抑制性的影响进行研究     

驱油用聚丙烯酰胺溶液界面特性研究

使用 TRACKR全自动液滴界面张力仪测量了不同试验条件下十二烷 /聚丙烯酰胺溶液界面扩大、缩小时的流变特征及界面张力 ,开发出了用以表征液膜强度的界面黏弹性 E的测量方法。在十二烷 /聚丙烯酰胺界面形成稳定的过程中界面 (扩张 )黏弹模量不断增加 ,并逐渐达到恒定 ,其中弹性成分所占比例远大于黏性成分即 E′>E″。考察的聚合物浓度范围为 5 0～ 2 0 0 0 mg/ L ,界面黏弹模量从 1 7.6提高到 3 0 .6m N·m-1。放置 3 d后的聚合物溶液界面黏弹模量保留率为 82 .8%。实验结果表明聚合物浓度变化对界面张力影响不显著。     

若干无机盐对聚丙烯酰胺溶液粘度的影响

探讨了无机盐溶液中阴阳离子对聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)溶液粘度的影响,确定了影响PAM溶液粘度的主要因素是二价阳离子(如ca2 及Mg2 离子)。     

医院污水的化学处理方法研究

用化学絮凝法处理医院污水。采用石灰乳控制原水酸度,用新型化学破乳絮凝剂净水灵做混凝剂,联合聚丙烯酰胺絮凝处理该类污水,并用二氧化氯杀菌。考查了酸度、混凝剂加入量、聚丙烯酰胺加入量、搅拌速度、搅拌时间、沉降时间对COD去除率的影响。结果表明,酸度在pH9.20左右时,每100mL污水中净水灵加入量为0.2mL,聚丙烯酰胺加入量为0.6mL,搅拌速度为60r/min,搅拌60s,沉降30min后,测上清液的化学耗氧量,COD去除率可达85%左右,明显优于传统的铁系混凝剂。并具有工艺简单、操作管理方便、不受气候影响、占地面积小等特点,且药剂费仅为0.30元/t,有实际应用的价值。     

聚合物驱采油污水处理研究进展

含聚丙烯酰胺污水是一类比较复杂、特殊的污水,随着各个油田相继采用聚合物驱以提高原油采收率,采油污水的数量在逐年增加,其处理已成为一个亟待解决的问题。综述了采用几种方式降解水中聚丙烯酰胺的可行性研究结果,光催化氧化、硫酸盐还原菌都能使水中聚丙烯酰胺有不同程度的降解。光催化氧化考察了催化体系、光源体系等对HPAM的影响。采用1%的催化剂TiO2使用中压汞灯在紫外光的作用下,可使聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)分解至8%左右。硫酸盐还原菌在油藏环境条件pH为7左右时,大量繁殖生长,使HPAM大幅度降解。在高温下(60～80℃),聚丙烯酰胺失稳发生降解,高温及高矿化度油藏也会导致HPAM降解。以上研究为解决聚合物采油污水的处理奠定了良好的基础。     

Polyacrylamide-gelatin polymeric networks: effect of pH and gelatin concentration on the swelling kinetics and mechanical properties

This work presents the synthesis of polyacrylamide-gelatin (PAM-G) semi-interpenetrating hydrogels, as well as the study of the swelling capacity of this material at different pH’s, and we report its Young modulus. The hydrogels were crosslinked with N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide and synthesized at different acrylamide/gelatin weight relationship. It was observed that the swelling capacity of the hydrogels increases when the gelatin concentration is increased; while the Young modulus (at the swelling equilibrium) decreases lightly. Therefore, the gelatin has a small effect in the Young modulus, unlike its influence in the swelling ability. The swelling experiments reveal that the PAM-G hydrogels increase its swelling capacity in alkaline mediums because the presence of the hydrophobic functional groups (mainly COO⁻) in the gelatin structure.     

Preparation and Performance of a Novel Water‐Soluble Cationic Polymer Containing β‐Cyclodextrin

Allyl‐β‐cyclodextrin is utilized to react with dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide to synthesize a novel water‐soluble cationic polymer by redox free‐radical polymerization. The optimum polymerization conditions are determined by the single‐variable method, while the structure is characterized by Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy. In rheological experiments the polymer demonstrates superior properties compared to polyacrylamide. Interfacial tension and adsorption experiments prove the excellent performance of the polymer which can effectively decrease the interfacial tension and reduce the surfactant loss caused by stratum absorption in the process of polymer/surfactant flooding, thus indicating the potential application of the polymer for enhancing oil recovery.