9,10-二氰蒽合成方法的改进

以蒽为原料,经溴化和氰化两步合成了光敏剂9,10-二氰蒽(DCA)。从反应溶剂的选择及提纯方法等方面改进了DCA的合成方法,提高了溴化和氰化反应的收率。结果表明,溴化反应时,控制溴的滴加温度为30℃,收率可达95%;合成DCA时,采用连续抽提法提纯,以DMSO为溶剂,反应中生成的无机盐完全溶解,粗产物不经抽提DCA收率可达74%～75%;而选用N-甲基吡咯烷酮为溶剂,DCA可与溴化铜形成配合物CuBr_2·DCA·CuBr_2,此配合物加热易分解,DCA收率达到93%。     

新型金属卟啉光敏剂的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

合成了新型β-取代卟啉光敏剂2-氢醌-5，10，15，20-四（4-羟基苯基）卟啉铜（Ⅱ）（Cu（Ⅱ）P）和2-氢醌-5，10，15，20-四（4羟基苯基）卟啉锌（Ⅱ）（Zn（Ⅱ）P），并初步研究其抗肿瘤活性．实验结果表明：2-氢醌5，10，15，20-四（4-羟基苯基）卟啉锌（Ⅱ）对慢性骨髓性白血病肿瘤细胞（K562）具有很好的光敏毒性，Zn（Ⅱ）P的浓度为320nmol／L时，就能抑制90％以上的白血病肿瘤细胞的生长．     

Regulated Necrosis in HeLa Cells Induced by ZnPc Photodynamic Treatment: A New Nuclear Morphology

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment modality based on the administration of a photosensitizer (PS), which accumulates preferentially in tumor cells. Subsequent irradiation of the neoplastic area triggers a cascade of photochemical reactions that leads to the formation of highly reactive oxygen species responsible for cell inactivation. Photodynamic treatments in vitro are performed with the PS, zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc). The PS is near the plasma membrane during uptake and internalization. Inactivation clearly occurs by a necrotic process, manifested by nuclear pyknosis, negative TUNEL and Annexin V assays and non-relocation of cytochrome c. In contrast, by increasing the incubation time, ZnPc is accumulated in the Golgi apparatus and produces cell inactivation with characteristics of apoptosis and necrosis: TUNEL positive, relocated cytochrome c and negative Annexin V assay. This type of death produces a still undescribed granulated nuclear morphology, which is different from that of necrosis or apoptosis. This morphology is inhibited by necrostatin-1, a specific inhibitor of regulated necrosis.     

Potential Applications of Cucurbit[n]urils Inclusion Complexes in Photodynamic Therapy

Cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s) have emerged as potential candidates for drug delivery in several areas due to their strong binding interactions and low toxicity. More recently, their benefits for a type of cancer treatment termed Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) have been recognized. The outcomes of this therapy rely on better drug delivery strategies and improving overall photoactivity of the drugs, which is where CB[n]s could have a strong impact. The effects of these molecular containers on photoactivity are discussed and new interesting work is highlighted.     

邻苯二甲酰亚氨基酞菁锌(ZnPcS2P2)的光谱特性

测定和研究光敏剂的光谱特性，可为确定最佳治疗的光源波长提供直接依据，同时也是荧光诊断中选定检测荧光波长的理论依据．本文研究新型光敏剂邻苯二甲酰亚氨基酞菁锌（ZnPcS2P2）的光谱特性，测出ZnPcS2P2在含10%人血清生理盐水的吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱，并与血卟啉衍生物（HpD）进行比较。实验结果表明：在吸收光谱中ZnPcS2P2的最大吸收峰位于670nm，而HpD的最大的吸收峰在405nm处，所以在光动力学治疗中ZnPcS2P2比HpD效果更好。当用波长为632nm的光源激发时，从荧光发射光谱可知，HpD比ZnPcS2P2获得的荧光激发效率高。因此，HpD在光动力学诊断中有更突出的优点。     

铈作为环境材料的研究及应用

对Ce作为环境工程材料、环境降解材料、能源材料在脱硫、脱硝、汽车尾气净化、光催化、石油化工、塑料、燃料电池等环境保护领域的利用和发展现状进行了综述.     

Adjunctive Application of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment: A Review of Literature

Periodontal disease is caused by dental plaque biofilms, and the removal of these biofilms from the root surface of teeth plays a central part in its treatment. The conventional treatment for periodontal disease fails to remove periodontal infection in a subset of cases, such as those with complicated root morphology. Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an additional treatment for this infectious disease. Many periodontal pathogenic bacteria are susceptible to low-power lasers in the presence of dyes, such as methylene blue, toluidine blue O, malachite green, and indocyanine green. aPDT uses these light-activated photosensitizer that is incorporated selectively by bacteria and absorbs a low-power laser/light with an appropriate wavelength to induce singlet oxygen and free radicals, which are toxic to bacteria. While this technique has been evaluated by many clinical studies, some systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported controversial results about the benefits of aPDT for periodontal treatment. In the light of these previous reports, the aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information about aPDT and help extend knowledge of advanced laser therapy.     

Quenching Mechanisms and Kinetics of α-Tocopherol and β-Carotene on the Photosensitizing Effect of Synthetic Food Colorant FD&C Red No. 3

ABSTRACT: Effects of FD&C Red No. 40, Red No. 3, Yellow No. 5, Yellow No. 6, Green No. 3, Blue No. 1 and Blue No. 2 on 0.03M soybean oil oxidation in acetone at 25 °C under light were studied by measuring headspace oxygen depletion. As Red No. 3 increased from 0 to 5, 20, 100 and 200 ppm, the headspace oxygen was reduced by 2 to 70, 73, 77 and 77%, respectively, for 4 h. Only Red No. 3 acted as a photosensitizer to produce singlet oxygen in the oil. The quenching rates of α-tocopherol and β-carotene for the singlet oxygen by Red No.3 were 4.1 × 10⁷ M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 7.3 × 10⁹ M⁻¹s⁻¹, respectively. When β-carotene was below 1.86 × 10⁻⁶ M, β-carotene quenched singlet oxygen, but it quenched both singlet oxygen and Red No. 3 at or above 3.72 × 10⁻⁶ M. However, α-tocopherol quenched singlet oxygen only.     

Front-face fluorescence measurement of photosensitizers and lipid oxidation products during the photooxidation of butter

This paper shows that fluorescence spectroscopy can measure both degradation of photosensitizers and formation of lipid oxidation products in light-exposed butter. The photosensitizers were already notably degraded after 4 h of light exposure, whereas fluorescent lipid oxidation products were detected after 5 d. The fluorescence measurements were highly correlated with sensory assessments of acidic and rancid flavor. Photosensitizer degradation is therefore a promising indirect indicator of the onset of lipid oxidation in butter. Sensory analysis and measurement of peroxide value showed that the level of lipid oxidation was significantly higher for butter stored in air compared with butter stored in nitrogen (N₂). This might be explained by the formation of singlet oxygen from direct photooxidation and type II photosensitized oxidation. Addition of the singlet oxygen quencher β-carotene reduced the rancid flavor intensity in the air and N₂ packages from 9.0 to 4.9 and from 6.5 to 4.7, respectively. Results indicate that lipid oxidation in the butter stored in N₂ was mainly caused by type I photosensitized reactions, because addition of β-carotene had little effect on the rancid flavor intensity.     

In vivo and in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of Photosan-loaded hollow silica nanoparticles on liver cancer

This study aimed to compare the inhibitory effects of photosensitizers loaded in hollow silica nanoparticles and conventional photosensitizers on HepG2 human hepatoma cell proliferation and determine the underlying mechanisms. Photosensitizers (conventional Photosan-II or nanoscale Photosan-II) were administered to in vitro cultured HepG2 hepatoma cells and treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with various levels of light exposure. To assess photosensitizers'' effects, cell viability was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In addition, apoptotic and necrotic cells were measured by flow cytometry and the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 evaluated by western blot. Finally, the in vivo effects of nanoscale and conventional photosensitizers on liver cancer were assessed in nude mice. Nanoscale Photosan-II significantly inhibited hepatoma cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner and this effect was more pronounced with high laser doses. Moreover, nanoscale photosensitizers performed better than the conventional ones under the same experimental conditions (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry data demonstrated that laser-induced cell death was markedly increased after treatment with nanoscale Photosan-II in comparison with free Photosan-II (p < 0.05). Activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels were significantly higher in cells treated with Photosan-II loaded in silica nanoparticles than free Photosan-II (p < 0.05). Accordingly, treatment with nanoscale photosensitizers resulted in improved outcomes (tumor volume) in a mouse model of liver cancer, in comparison with conventional photosensitizers. Hollow silica nanoparticles containing photosensitizer more efficiently inhibited hepatoma cells than photosensitizer alone, through induction of apoptosis, both in vivo and in vitro.