自发光转录激活子样效应因子的功能分析

目的:对转录激活子样效应因子(TALE)蛋白进行特异性标记.方法:通过分子生物学技术,在TALE蛋白的C-端融合了一种具有优异光学性能的萤光素酶.结果:融合蛋白不仅可对目的 DNA进行特异性识别,还可产生萤光素酶的特征光谱.结论:萤光素酶的融合不影响TALE蛋白的正常功能,其光谱信息有望成为分析TALE蛋白与DNA相互作用的特异性检测信号.     

Key technologies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems fueled impure hydrogen

Hydrogen energy and polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells become concerned issues in recent years. Nevertheless, the construction of hydrogen refueling infrastructure and hydrogen storage and transportation constrains the commercial development of fuel cells. In this review, sources, production, storage, transportation, and purification methods of hydrogen are extensively reviewed and compared. The advantages of utilizing industrial by-product hydrogen and steam reforming gas in PEM fuel cell systems are analyzed. Using industrial wasted hydrogen can significantly reduce the cost of hydrogen. Also, it is indicated that the onboard hydrogen generation by steam methanol reforming can solve the difficulties of efficient storage and transportation of gaseous hydrogen, which means that methanol has great potential to be a convenient carrier of hydrogen. The effects of impurities contained in the reformate gas are generally introduced. After the methanol steam reforming and pretreatment purification processes, the reformate gas can be fed to PEM fuel cells. Thus, a fuel cell system integrated with onboard hydrogen production and impure hydrogen treatment subsystems is introduced, and key technologies therein for pretreatment purification and in-situ poisoning mitigation methods are reviewed. Finally, suggestions are proposed for further studies.     

卤氧化铋光催化去除环境污染物

卤氧化铋基半导体材料具有铋氧层和卤素层交替排布的独特层状结构和易调节的禁带宽度，在直接利用太阳光去除环境污染物方面表现出优异性能和巨大潜力.基于国内外相关研究进展及本课题组近年来的研究成果，该文综述了卤氧化铋材料(氯氧化铋、溴氧化铋和碘氧化铋)光催化去除环境污染物方面的研究成果，主要包括卤氧化铋光催化材料的设计和改性策略，以及上述新材料在重金属离子去除、有机污染物降解和空气净化等领域的研究进展.最后，提出了卤氧化铋光催化材料在环境污染控制领域的研究展望.     

A new microfiltration membrane with three-dimensional reticular architecture for Nano-pollutants removal from wastewater

This research provides a new insight into designing next-generation filtration materials for Nano-pollutants removal from wastewater, and potentially for gas/solid or liquid/solid separation in corrosive environment. Considering the high corrosion and oxidation resistance, Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy and used as a mechanical support with a pore size of around 10 ?μm. Subsequently, metallic Zn nanoparticles was coated on the Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous framework by means of chemical vapor deposition, obtaining a novel microfiltration membrane with three-dimensional reticular architecture. Furthermore, the influence of Zn coating on surface morphology, pore feature, and filtration capability of Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous alloy was investigated. It is of note that the as-prepared microfiltration membrane exhibits an excellent Nano-pollutants filtration efficiency of greater than 99.989% from wastewater. Most importantly, such a three-dimensional reticular architecture provides excellent structural stability, allowing the reutilization of the microfiltration membrane for at least 200 filtration cycles of wastewater treatment.     

基于水质修复与保育的城市景观水体净化循环比计算方法研究

对于我国城市景观水体由于水体特性和外源性污染严重引起的水质不良现象,人们越来越多地采用净化技术开展异位及原位水质修复与保育工作。而在相应的水质净化工程设计与运行中,净化规模的确定依据与方法还有待完善,本研究就景观水体水质修复及保育工程开展净化循环比计算模式的研究。通过对基本处于封闭状态的水体水量及水质内外源污染物的平衡分析,进行了修复与保育两个阶段水质净化循环比数学模式的推演,建立了相应的计算模式与方法,并结合案例进行分析计算。结果表明:水质净化循环比可以作为合理确定工程规模,控制建设投入与运行费用的重要依据。     

双肾藤茎枝甾体类化学成分的分离鉴定

【目的】系统研究药用植物双肾藤(Bauhinia glaucasubsp.hupehana)茎枝的化学成分,明确其药用物质基础。【方法】采用硅胶柱层析、聚酰胺柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析等分离技术,从双肾藤茎枝中分离甾体类单体化合物,运用理化和波谱分析方法鉴定其化学结构。【结果】从双肾藤茎枝分离获得6个甾体类化合物,分别鉴定为(24R)-5α-豆甾烷-3,6-二酮(1)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(2)、(24R)-5α-豆甾-4-en-3,6-二酮(3)、豆甾烷-4-烯-3-酮(4)、β-谷甾醇(5)、胡萝卜苷(6)。【结论】从双肾藤中分离获得的甾体类化合物包括甾醇、甾酮和甾体苷,其中化合物1和2均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

沙棘叶黄酮纯化工艺优化

采用溶剂浸提法提取总黄酮,大孔树脂吸附纯化,分光光度法测定总黄酮的含量,正交试验建立沙棘叶总黄酮纯化的优化工艺.结果得出沙棘叶黄酮纯化优化工艺是:选用AB-8型大孔树脂对沙棘叶总黄酮粗制品进行吸附纯化,用浓度为0.20mg/mL,pH=6.0沙棘叶黄酮溶液上样,控制流速为2.0mL/min.选用70%乙醇进行洗脱,用量为柱床体积的4倍,流速为3.0mL/min.经纯化后得精制品1.29g,总黄酮含量为14.89%,比粗制品黄酮含量提高103倍.用此工艺,AB-8型湿树脂饱和吸附量为79.19mg/ml,树脂重复利用8次后,吸附率都在70%以上,仍无明显变化.上述工艺操作简单、方法可靠,产品得率高,说明此工艺可以有效纯化沙棘叶总黄酮,且树脂可重复利用次数多,性能好,适合于沙棘叶黄酮的大规模生产.     

粉末活性炭在净水处理中应用现状与前景

粉末活性炭(PAC)处理工艺可快速高效地吸附去除水体中各类天然或合成的有机物、芳香族化合物、微污染物质、卤代烃以及铁、锰、重金属离子等有害物质,在净水领域具有广泛的应用意义.探讨了PAC的实际应用及联用其他技术所取得的成果,并基于其对有机物诸如农药、化工原料、气味性化合物、蓝藻毒素、总有机碳等有害物质的有效处理从而改善出水水质,提高出水生物稳定性,着重综述了PAC在净水处理中的研究进展及应用前景.     

豆角皂苷的纯化工艺研究

以豆角为原料,采用超声辅助提取法,用D101型大孔吸附树脂对豆角皂苷粗提物进行纯化.纯化的最佳工艺条件为上样pH值为8,上样量为8倍树脂体积,吸附70 min,依次用蒸馏水、20％乙醇溶液、8倍树脂量的70％乙醇溶液进行洗脱,解析时间为60 min,收集70％乙醇的洗脱液,减压浓缩真空干燥后得到豆角皂苷纯品,质量分数可...     

地衣芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶分离纯化研究

对产白地表茅孢杆菌(B.licheniformis)的碱性蛋白酶通过乙醇沉淀、盐析、DEAE阴离子交换层析,凝胶层析4步纯化.以酶比活力为指标,对碱性蛋白酶分离纯化条件进行了优化.结果发现:提纯酶的比活力达62098U/mg,纯化倍数为23.7,活性回收率为15.7%.