家畜杂种优势利用的意义及其前景展望

介绍了家畜杂种优势现象及其在生产上的意义,阐述了家畜杂种优势利用的概念与理论基础,展望了家畜杂种优势利用的前景。     

The relationship of differential expression of genes in GA biosynthesis and response pathways with heterosis of plant height in a wheat diallel cross

Heterosis in internode elongation and plant height is commonly observed in hybrid plants, but the molecular basis for the increased internode elongation in hybrids is unknown. In this study, midparent heterosis in plant height was determined in a wheat diallel cross involving 16 hybrids and 8 parents, and real-time PCR was used to analyze alterations in gene expression between hybrids and parents. Significant heterosis of plant height and the first internode in length were observed for all 16 hybrids, but the magnitude of heterosis was variable for different cross combinations. Analysis revealed that the heterosis of the first internode was significantly correlated to that of plant height （r = 0.56, P 〈 0.05）, suggesting that the increased elongation of the first internode is the major contributor to the heterosis in plant height. Real-time PCR analysis exhibited that significant difference in heterosis of gene ex- pression was observed among all cross combinations. Moreover, heterosis of the first internode in length was correlated significantly and positively with expression heterosis of KS, GA3ox2-1, GA20ox2, GA20ox1D, GA-MYB and GID1-1, but significantly and negatively with expression heterosis of GAI and GA2ox-1, which is consistent with our recently proposed model of GAs and heterosis in wheat plant height, suggesting the alteration of GA biosynthesis and response pathways might be responsible for the observed heterosis in plant height.     

籼和粳稻及WCVs配组的杂种优势及育性

以广亲和品种轮回422，02428分别与籼、粳稻配组及粳/籼、籼/粳、粳/粳配组，检验杂种F1代的杂种优势与育性，试验结果表明M-201/日本优的每株穗数和单粒株重优势明显，广亲和品种与籼、粳配组能得到具有生物优势而且育性强的杂种F1代，显著提高水稻产量；轮回422为亲梗型的广亲和品种，但02428对籼稻有较强的亲和力.     

杂交水稻苗期生长优势与~(32)P、~(14)C在分蘖的分布

试验杂交水稻的分蘖数量除L301A×R29比不育系和常规高产品种“双桂36”较少外,D优63、D优64、青优中、协优64、威优64、威优35和华优63分别比其亲本和对照品种多,表现正显性超亲优势.青优中、协优64、威优64、威优35、华优63和D优63的分蘖数与~(32)P在分蘖中的分布(％)呈正相关.D优64、L301A×R29不呈正相关.D优63、D优64、协优64的分蘖数与~(14)C—同化物在化分蘖的分布(％)呈正相关,青优中、威优64、威优35华优63和L301A×R29不呈正相关.D优63、D优64、协优64和华优63的单苗干物重高于它们的亲本和对照品种.青优中、协优64、华优63、D优63、D优64的苗高也分别比其亲本和对照品种高.本文还讨论了杂交稻苗期生长优势、~(32)P和~(14)C在分蘖中的分布(％)与谷粒产量的关系.     

烟草杂种优势及杂交制种研究进展

摘要综述了烟草杂种优势利用与杂交制种技术的进展，概括了烟草杂种优势的各种表现，着重介绍了我国烟草杂交制种所取得的成果，提出了进一步加强烟草杂种优势利用的研究内容。     

一个光温敏雄性核不育小麦及其杂种的研究

92 40 3 0 - 1是一个光温敏雄性核不育小麦 ,92 40 3 0- 1×父本 3号是它的一个杂交种 .本文报道了 92 40 3 0 - 1的育性转换特性、主要农艺性状、异交生物学特性 ,以及 92 40 3 0- 1×父本 3号的杂种优势表现和主要制种技术 .92 40 3 0 - 1表现出短日低温不育、长日高温可育的育性转换特性 ;为半冬性品系 ,株高适中 ,株叶型理想 ,综合抗性较好 ;不育播种期下开花期较长 ,内外颖张角高达 3 0 0 ,柱头生活力达 10天以上 ,具有理想的异交生物学特性 ,制种产量达 0 .2 43 7kg/m2 ;杂种 92 40 3 0 - 1×父本 3号产量达 0 .3 881kg/m2 ,比湘麦13号增产 14.0 5 % ,达 1%的极显著水平 ,杂种综合抗性好