血乳酸生物传感器在新冠肺炎诊疗中的应用探讨

新冠肺炎（COVID-19）疫情爆发已造成严重危害，对新冠肺炎进行快速诊断和实施精准治疗是目前面临的重大挑战。对近年来血乳酸指标在肺炎临床中的应用及血乳酸生物传感器方法学进行了回顾，提出血乳酸水平或血乳酸清除率是新冠肺炎病情分层、治疗效果评估和判断预后的重要指标。其中POCT(即时检验)血乳酸生物传感器快捷、经济、可靠，可实现临床患者或个人（家庭）血乳酸快速和连续的检测，有利于新冠肺炎病情严重度分层和治疗效果评估，也可使患者及时识别自身状况，解除心理顾虑，促进机体康复。     

An effective amperometric biosensor based on graphene modified gold nanowire arrays for glucose detection

A novel glucose biosensor based on graphene nanosheets （GNs） modified gold nanowire arrays （AuN- WAs） electrode was constructed. Highly ordered gold nanowire arrays were prepared by direct electrodeposition in anodic aluminum oxide templates. GNs were synthe- sized through a public route involving graphite oxidation, exfoliation, and chemical reduction. Field emission scan- ning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscope were employed to characterize the as- prepared AuNWAs and GNs. Glucose oxidase was immobilized on the surface of GNs-AuNWAs modified electrode via a cross-linking method. The cyclic voltam- metry results showed that the GNs-AuNWAs-based glu- cose biosensors have high catalysis activity to hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） than those modified with GNs or AuN- WAs only. Furthermore, amperometric response was employed to detect glucose concentration owing to its simplicity, high selectivity, and relative low cost. Glucose biosensors based on GNs-AuNWAs showed excellent performance with high sen- sitivity of 40.25 μA cm^-2 （mmol/L）^-1, low detection limit of 0.02 mmol/L, and a linear range from 0.02 to 3 mmol/L.     

壳聚糖—纳米金自组装葡萄糖生物传感器的研究

利用壳聚糖与纳米金构建一种新型的葡萄糖生物传感器。探究不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液、p H及温度对传感器响应电流的影响。结果表明,此传感器在温度为35.0℃,p H=7.00,葡萄糖质量浓度为0.018~25.7 mg/L范围内有良好的线性,线性I=4.135 6 m+91.787μA,R2=0.997 9,检出限为0.001 2 mg/L。该传感器具有制备简单、方法简便、灵敏度高,能快速检测等优点。     

Plasmonic biosensors and nanoprobes based on gold nanoshells

Gold nanoshells (GNSs), consisting of a dielectric core coated with gold, have gained extensive attention as they show readily tunable optical properties and good biocompatibility. As highly sensitive and label-free optical biosensors with wide applications, GNSs have been investigated in many fields including drug delivery, immunoassay, cancer treatment, biological sensing and imaging. Taking advantage of the adjustability of the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and the sensitivity of the surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal of GNSs, we have developed diverse applications including plasmonic biosensors and nanoprobes based on GNSs. In this review we introduce plasmonic and electromagnetic properties and fabrication methods of GNSs. We describe research progress in recent years, and highlight several applications of GNSs developed by our group. Finally we provide a brief assessment of future development of GNSs as plasmonic materials that can be integrated with complementary analytical techniques.     

基于聚硫堇/纳米金固定酶的过氧化氢生物传感器

将电子媒介体硫堇（Thi）聚合于玻碳电极（GC）表面形成带正电的多孔聚硫堇（PTH）复合膜,再利用共价结合和静电吸附将纳米金（nano-Au）和过氧化物酶（HRP）修饰于电极上,从而制得HRP/nano-Au/PTH/GC传感器.用循环伏安法和计时电流法考察该修饰电极的电化学特性,发现该修饰电极对过氧化氢（H2O2）的...     

Ferrocene-Nafion修饰厚膜碳糊电极的葡萄糖传感器研究

以基于丝网印刷技术制作的厚膜碳糊电极为基底电机,用二茂铁为介体、Nafion修饰厚膜碳糊电极制备了葡萄糖传感器．Nafion涂于电极表面上形成的膜具有强的附着力,防止了二茂铁及酶的流失,电极稳定性提高．并且由于低的工作电位（＋025vsSCE）和Nafion膜的阳离子交换作用,基本上消除了电活性物质（抗坏血酸、尿酸）的干扰,具有防污能力．该酶传感器的检测上限可达18mmol／L,响应时间小于60s.     

细胞色素c在硅基有序介孔材料SBA-15上直接电化学行为

用水热法合成了硅基有序介孔分子材料SBA-15,研究了细胞色c(Cyt c)在SBA-15修饰玻碳(GC)电极表面的直接电化学行为.结果表明,在pH 7.0磷酸缓冲溶液中(PBS),细胞色素c在SBA-15修饰电极表面表现出一对准可逆的氧化还原峰,电位差ΔE为87 mV,式电位E0′为0.275 V,峰电流的大小与循环伏安扫描速度成正比,说明细胞色素c在电极表面过程是受表面控制.固定在电极上的细胞色素c能促进过氧化氢的催化还原,显示出较高的亲和力,为过氧化氢传感器的研制提供理论依据.     

The Escherichia coli O157:H7 DNA detection on a gold nanoparticle-enhanced piezoelectric biosensor

This paper presents development of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor for real-time de- tection of E. coli O157:H7 DNA based on nanogold particles amplification. Many inner Au nanoparticles were immobilized onto the thioled surface of the Au electrode, then more specific thiolated sin- gle-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes could be fixed through Au-SH bonding. The hybridization was in- duced by exposing the ssDNA probe to the complementary target DNA of E. coli O157:H7 gene eaeA, then resulted in a mass change and corresponding frequency shifts ( △f ) of the QCM. The outer avidin-coated Au nanoparticles could combine with the target DNA to increase the mass. The electro- chemical techniques, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were adopted to manifest and character each step. The target DNA corresponding to 2.0×103 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL E. coli O157:H7 cells can be detected by this biosensor, so it is practical to develop a sensitive and effective QCM biosensor for pathogenic bacteria detection based on specific DNA analy- sis. The piezoelectric biosensing system has potential for further applications, such as food safety and environment monitoring, and this approach lays the groundwork for incorporating the method into an integrated system for in-field bacteria detection.     

分析化学几个领域的发展现状

综合分析生物电化学、功能高分子修饰电极及现代分析仪器几个领域的发展现状及应用前景。     

基于金纳米棒/多壁碳纳米管-壳聚糖复合膜电极的肌红蛋白直接电化学和电催化研究

采用金纳米棒(AuNRs)/多壁碳纳米管-壳聚糖(MWCNTs-Chit)复合膜促进肌红蛋白在电极上的直接电子转移,并用于构建H2O2生物传感器.首先将金纳米棒固定到玻碳电极表面,然后把MWCNTs-Chit分散溶液和肌红蛋白(Mb)固载到玻碳电极上,得到MWCNTs-Chit/Mb/AuNRs复合膜电极.通过循环伏安法对膜电极进行表征,在pH=7.0磷酸缓冲溶液中,Mb表现出一对峰形良好且可逆的氧化还原峰,其中氧化峰和还原峰电位分别为-0.291 V、-0.235 V,式电位(Eθ’)为-0.263 V.与此同时还探讨了修饰电极的电催化活性,结果表明其对H2O2具有良好的电催化还原作用,可作为检测H2O2的生物传感器.传感器对H2O2的米氏常数为0.0494 mM,线性范围为5.0×10-5～5.0×10-3M(R=0.986 7,n=10),检测限为3.2×10-6M(信噪比为3).