24份普通白菜遗传多样性的形态特征和RAPD分析

利用形态特征与RAPD分析技术,分析了国内不同地区的24份普通白菜(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis(L.)Makino var.communis Tsee et Lee.)种质的遗传多样性.结果表明,13个形态学性状的变异系数为12.4%~69.9%,其中叶柄变异最大,子叶变异最小.24份普通白菜材料在形态学聚类的距离5处聚为4类.利用筛选出的15条RAPD引物从24份普通白菜材料中共扩增出113条带,其中多态性条带83条,多态率73.4%,平均每条引物条带7.53条、多态性条带5.53条.RAPD数据聚类在相似系数0.77处,分为8类,与形态聚类间有重叠和细分.以形态聚类4个类别计算的Nei's基因多样性指标H和Shannon信息指数I,均为第Ⅳ大类第Ⅰ大类第Ⅲ大类第Ⅱ大类,第Ⅳ类的H和I分别为0.2395和0.3523.而不同地区则以江淮地区的Nei's基因多样性H和Shannon信息指数I最高,分别为0.2076和0.3098.这些结果与普通白菜种质资源多样性特征以及地区分布相吻合.     

铜绿假单胞菌医院感染流行病学分子研究及基因分型

目的建立随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）基因分型方法检测铜绿假单胞菌（PA）,调查铜绿假单胞菌医院感染流行病学的情况,为控制院内感染提供直接可靠的参考依据。方法对2008—2009年分离的180株铜绿假单胞菌进行统计分析其临床分布;通过抗生素敏感性试验进行抗菌谱分型;再采用PAPD基因分型方法进行分析。结果标本主要来自ICU、烧伤科、呼吸内科等。从痰液标本中分离的铜绿假单胞菌占58．9％,其次伤口分泌物标本占18．9％、中段尿16．7％,其它类型标本占5．5％。抗菌谱分型分为5型。180株铜绿假单胞菌用RAPD分型共得178株,分型率98．9％（178／180）,分为9种类型：Ⅰ～Ⅸ。结论RAPD分型技术对铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株分型率较高;同一抗菌谱型的基因型可能不同,同一基因型的抗菌谱也可能不同。     

八个灵芝属菌株的分子标记与亲缘关系鉴定

采用RAPD技术对八个不同的灵芝株系进行遗传多样性分析。经筛选得到四个随机引物,共扩增出52条DNA片断,其中多态性条带为43条,多态性位点频率为82.7%,说明灵芝间遗传多样性较为丰富。利用POPGENE软件计算遗传距离并建立UPGMA聚类图,可将八种灵芝株系分为两个组群。通过分析DNA指纹图谱,找到了有代表性的特异条带,为进一步开发稳定的、优势菌株特异的分子标记奠定了基础。     

胡卢巴种质资源RAPD遗传多样性分析

在优化随机引物扩增多态性DNA标记（RAPD）反应体系和条件的基础上,利用筛选的多态性引物分析了胡卢巴种质资源的遗传多样性．结果表明,19条RAPD引物显示了40份胡卢巴种质资源的遗传距离为0．02～0．70,来源上变幅从大到小为：宁夏和国外种质间、国外种质间、宁夏种质间、国内其他省份种质间．40份胡卢巴种质资源分为两类,即Ⅰ类包括3份国外种质;Ⅱ类包括37份种质,可大体上分为宁夏、国内其他省份和国外种质3个亚类．     

Quantitative Estimates of Outcrossing Rates in a Natural Population of Caldesia grandis （Alismataceae）

Outcrossing rate in a natural population of Caldesia grandis was estimated by the dominant random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) marker using 10 open-pollinated progeny arrays of 24 individuals. The multilocus outcrossing rate estimated based on all 25 RAPD loci was 0.872 ±0.033 and the single-locus outcrossing rate was 0.795 ±0.032. Multilocus estimates did not differ significantly from the single-locus estimates. The fixation index, F, in the progeny estimated from RAPD data was -0.142 ±0.000. The estimates of multilocus outcrossing rates (t_m) and single-locus outcrossing rates (t_s) obtained from MLDT clearly indicate that outcrossing is predominant in the open-pollinated C. grandis population. An empirical analysis suggests that 15 should be the minimum number of dominant marker loci necessary to achieve robust estimates of t_m.     

基于RAPD的藏马鸡亲缘关系的研究

为了测定7只笼养藏马鸡的亲缘关系,利用随机扩增多态DNA技术对7个个体进行了分析.选用53个10bp的随机引物对每只藏马鸡的基因组DNA进行扩增,获得14个有效引物,并得到226个扩增片段.根据聚类分析所得到的树状图,确定了7只藏马鸡的亲缘关系,证明RAPD可以用来鉴定亲缘关系.     

南方鲶SME—1细胞系,草鱼CIK细胞系与原鱼种的RAPD图谱比较

研究了ＳＭＥ１和ＣＩＫ细胞系，以及南方鲶、鲶、大鳍、草鱼等６个样品的ＲＡＰＤ图谱，测定了各样品间的Ｎｅｉ相似系数和单匹配相似系数，并绘制了聚类树形图．Ｎｅｉ相似系数更适于细胞系与原种动物的相似性分析；细胞系与原鱼种的相似系数大于种间相似系数；培养时间短的ＳＭＥ１细胞与其原鱼种南方鲶的相似系数大于培养时间长的ＣＩＫ细胞与其原生鱼种草鱼的相似系数．     

The genetic diversity of cen-tral and peripheral popula-tions of ratlike hamster(Cricetulus triton)

The impact of habitat fragmentation and isolation on the genetic diversity of populations has attracted much attention in studies of meta-population and conservation biology. In this work, using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, we studied the genetic diversity of central, peripheral and peninsular populations of ratlike hamster, which were collected in five locations of the North China Plain and its surrounding areas, in 1999. The study revealed that, ⅰ) the genetic diversity of central population of Raoyang County＞the sub-central populations of Gu'an County and Taikang County＞the peripheral population of Shunyi District＞the peninsular population of Mentougou District; ⅱ) the genetic diversities of the five populations were positively correlated to the nearest distances to the peripheral line of population distribution; ⅲ) there were significant differences of gene frequencies of some RAPD fragments among the five populations. More RAPD fragments disappeared in peripheral populations than in central or sub-central populations. The frequencies of two RAPD fragments were correlated to the latitude. This study clearly indicated that the variation of the genetic diversities of the five populations was caused by edge effect and frag- mentation through the enhanced inbreeding and genetic drift, and thus supported the view that habitat fragmentation and related edge effect reduce the population genetic diversity.