马铃薯在中国传播的技术及社会经济分析

本文从生物、技术及社会经济的角度考证马铃薯在中国传播的过程，重点对传播条件和传播障碍进行阐述，分析了20世纪中国的社会变迁和科技进步对马铃薯传播的影响，并进一步讨论马铃薯扩种对我国粮食生产和社会生活的作用。     

马铃薯保健面包制备工艺优化及品质分析

以马铃薯雪花全粉、鸡油菌多糖溶液、高筋面粉为主要原料制备马铃薯保健面包,优化了马铃薯保健面包的制备工艺条件,并以普通马铃薯面包为对照,分析了二者质构参数、保水性、膳食纤维和蛋白质含量的差异.结果表明,马铃薯保健面包的最佳工艺条件为鸡油菌多糖溶液添加量15％,发酵时间2.0 h,烘烤温度200℃,烘烤时间21 min;马...     

絮凝沉淀去除马铃薯淀粉加工废水中蛋白的试验研究

采用絮凝沉淀法去除马铃薯淀粉废水中的蛋白质。经过方案比选．最终选择聚丙烯酰胺作为絮凝剂,结果表明：在聚丙烯酰胺投加量为70mg／L,pH值为5,温度为20℃,反应时间40min的最佳工艺条件下。采用聚丙烯酰胺絮凝沉淀法对马铃薯淀粉加工废水中的COD、蛋白质、BOD、SS都有一定的去除效果。COD的去除率保持在30％～40％,蛋白质的去除率保持在45％～55％,BOD的去除率保持在10％-15％．SS的去除率保持在50％-60％,大大减轻了后续处理构筑物的负担。     

5种改良剂对马铃薯挂面品质的影响研究

本文以中筋小麦粉混合马铃薯雪花全粉为研究试样,采用添加谷朊粉、葡萄糖氧化酶、沙篙胶、脂肪酶和茶多酚5种不同改良剂,通过粉质仪和物性仪的特性分析,结合感官和正交优化试验,确定了各改良剂的最适用量,探讨了其对高含量的马铃薯面团和挂面品质的影响.结果表明,5种改良剂均对马铃薯面团质构特性、蒸煮特性、粉质特性和感官有改善作用....     

Slicing,Dicing, Spicing,and Pricing: Factors Influencing Purchase and Consumption of Fresh Potatoes

To better understand potential reasons for a North American decline in fresh potato consumption, a region-wide survey (n = 1009) was undertaken in eastern Canada. Results were examined comparing high- and low-frequency potato users on a variety of factors, including beliefs, attitudes, barriers, needs, and satisfaction with potatoes. Respondents indicated positive perceptions pertaining to potato nutrition, taste, preparation, and overall enjoyment. Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested two variables—age and the perceived importance of potatoes for the everyday meal—were strong predictors of high versus low frequency of potato consumption. Respondents judged the ability to see the potato in the package, potato firmness, and locally produced as point-of-purchase characteristics particularly important when buying fresh potatoes. However, respondents also indicated that their needs were not fully met and expressed relatively low levels of satisfaction when purchasing potatoes. Based on the results, suggestions are provided for improving the marketing of fresh potatoes.     

基于DEA-Tobit模型的马铃薯生产效率分析——以甘肃省定西市为例

随着社会的进步和农村经济的发展,农业生产效率已成为制约农民收入、造成农村落后的关键因素。中国是马铃薯的生产大国,其生产效率的提高对我国马铃薯产业的持续发展和保障我国的粮食安全有着很重要的意义。研究基于2014年对甘肃省定西市样本农户马铃薯种植的调查数据,采用DEA模型测算农户种植马铃薯的生产效率,并利用Tobit模型对影响马铃薯生产效率的因素进行分析。研究表明:农户生产马铃薯的综合技术效率较低,规模效率成为制约其生产效率提升的瓶颈;家庭纯收入、马铃薯的种植比例和引进新品种3个变量在0.01水平下对生产效率的影响达到显著;户主的年纪在0.05水平下对生产效率的影响达到显著;马铃薯的收购价格、农户是否参加合作社和种植培训、离农贸市场距离与马铃薯的生产效率间存在不显著的正相关关系。基于以上调研提出了鼓励土地流转、提高生产技术水平、加大农民生产技能培训力度、多方面增加农民收入和合理布局农产品贸易市场等政策性建议。     

Effect of deep‐fat frying of potato chips and chicken on the quality of soybean oil

The type of products may affect the quality of oil during deep‐fat frying. The quality changes in pure soybean oil during frying of potato chips and chicken drumsticks were evaluated and compared. The oil was subjected to continuous frying at 180°C for a period of 315 min. The parameters used to assess the oil quality were peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), free fatty acids (FFA), refractive index (RI) and colour. The percentage of oil absorbed by the two products was determined. The oil was also assessed visually for any change in colour, viscosity, turbidity, flavour and deposit. Results showed that, for both products, PV, IV, FFA, RI and colour changed significantly with time (P < 0.05). Potato absorbed oil during frying (6.9%), whereas chicken released fat into the frying medium (2.4%). When the rates of change of the various parameters in the oils were compared for the two products, significant differences (P < 0.05) were noted for PV and colour only. The oil used during the frying of chicken appeared visually to be at a more advanced stage of deterioration.     

Analysis of the Colorado potato beetle protection system in Finland

Invasive species, including plants, insects and other pests, are a serious threat to agricultural production and to the environment in general. Finland has traditionally had a favourable situation concerning invasives, partly due to its isolated geographical location. The situation may now be changing and one of the currently increasing threats is the Colorado potato beetle (CPB). Finland has designed a CPB protection policy incorporating a protected zone, which is commonly used to deal with invasive plant pests in other European countries. Within this zone, the randomly occurring CPB invasions are collectively fended off, to prevent the establishment of a permanent pest population and to minimise potential damage. This paper evaluates the economics of the current protection programme, comparing this to a hypothetical situation in which the current pre-emptive policy is abandoned and control relies on producers' individual reactive protection measures. The annual random pest invasions are modelled in a static stochastic framework. To date the pest has not been able to establish a permanent population in Finland. According to our analysis, the currently exercised pre-emptive policy is the cost-efficient choice at this point. The relatively low expected invasion magnitude is one of the key factors supporting the efficiency of the current system. Another reason is the fairly small damage incurred. However, when the invasions become larger and more frequent or the pest strains more cold-resistant, the future situation may change.     

基于钻石模型的甘肃省定西市马铃薯产业竞争力分析

马铃薯是定西市的优势产业,也是特色产业。近年来,一带一路的发展增加了定西市马铃薯进入市场的渠道,但是与国内具有良好马铃薯资源条件的内蒙、贵州等生产区域之间仍然存在着差距和竞争。在借鉴已有研究成果的基础上,以定西市马铃薯的产业为研究对象,运用波特的钻石模型即从需求条件、同业竞争、要素条件、相关和支持产业以及机会和政府等对定西市马铃薯产业竞争力的影响,找到提高定西市马铃薯产业竞争力的途径。     

基于高光谱曲线的马铃薯与其他主要作物光谱差异性分析

[目的]文章以马铃薯关键生长期——结薯期为测量时点,以马铃薯和玉米、大豆、水稻为研究对象,开展高光谱曲线特征差异性研究。[方法]为更好地描述马铃薯与其他作物的光谱差异,创建高光谱反射率差异性指数、高光谱一阶导数差异性指数、高光谱红边幅值差异性指数、高光谱曲率差异性指数及高光谱植被指数差异性指数。[结果](1)马铃薯与玉米、大豆、水稻3种作物光谱曲线具有明显差异,马铃薯与玉米的反射率值在480nm附近蓝色波段位置差异最显著,差异性指数值为67.866%,与大豆、水稻的最大差异性指数值分别为49.068%、57.559%,均位于550nm附近绿色波峰位置;(2)作物光谱曲线经一阶导数变换运算,马铃薯与其他作物间的光谱差异被显著放大,在近红外波段放大程度最显著;(3)马铃薯与玉米、大豆、水稻高光谱曲率差异性指数最大值均位于波长750nm附近,差异性指数值分别为78.365%、63.471%、80.882%;(4)常用植被指数中,比值植被指数、增强型植被指数可显著区分马铃薯与玉米、大豆、水稻。[结论]差异性分析结果为农作物空间分布遥感识别提供了技术支撑。