中国古代药水去污的科学原理--剖析中国古代的书画清洗

本文对古代药水去污的科学原理及清洗方法的科学性进行了讨论,通过对皂角、枇杷籽成分的分析,发现皂角、枇杷籽水溶液是一种多功能的生物清洗液,其含有的天然表面活性剂属于非离子表面活性剂,不仅具有润湿性、对污垢的悬浮作用、低发泡、容易冲洗等有效清除污垢的功能,还具有良好的消毒性能,护色、护纸及去酸作用。其清洗技法及水温选择等,均具有科学性。     

Influence of Process Parameters on Chlorinated Biocide Decontamination by li-CO2 on Artificially Contaminated Model Materials

ABSTRACT

Previously, heavy use of biocides for the treatment of objects made of organic materials in museum collections (e.g. ethnographic, historical collections) was very common. Now suitable decontamination methods/technologies are being sought. A decontamination treatment by li-CO₂ was optimized that considered the specific requirements of museum objects. The treatment was tested on model materials artificially contaminated with biocide solutions containing dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), pentachlorophenol (PCP), lindane, and permethrin or cypermethrin. High decontamination was achieved for DDT, lindane, PCP, and permethrin on artificially biocide loaded wool and wood model materials. Optimal process parameter settings for li-CO₂ decontamination include a single 30?min cycle for woolen materials and three sequential 30?min cycles each for wood. These methods allow a reduction of at least 90% of all biocides for wool and between 70% and 85% for wood. Decontamination of the latter was more effective for less polar biocides as DDT and permethrin. Despite a significant improvement in decontamination for wood using co-solvents such as acetone, ethanol, and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), their use is not recommended due to the increased risk of damage to the objects, in particular if a surface coating is present.     

基于S7—200PLC与MCGS控制的循环水管道自动除污系统

在循环水管网中均需使用除污器进行循环水的过滤,传统除污器需要手动控制,效率低、环保性差。本系统依托于S7—200PLC和MCGS组态软件进行设计,采用压差比较的方式进行系统自动除污,控制功能较传统除污器丰富,效率高、节水、节电,具有广泛的应用前景。     

Decontamination of Biocide Treated Museum Objects of the Swiss National Museum’s Collection by Liquid CO2 Technology

ABSTRACT

A decontamination treatment using liquid CO₂ (li-CO₂) and specifically developed for the requirements of museum objects (Lombardo, T., M. Wörle, V. Hubert, E. Hildbrand, I. Mayer, C. Hinterleitner, U. von Arx. 2020. “Influence of Process Parameters on Chlorinated Biocide Decontamination by li-CO₂ on Artificially Contaminated Model Materials.” Studies in Conservation, in press, doi:10.1080/00393630.2019.1641001) was first tested on model materials of wood (with and without coating), silk, and wool with different dyes, paper, and leather in order to evaluate possible material changes. Then, selected museum objects from the collection of the Swiss National Museum were treated to determine the efficiency of biocide decontamination and any resulting chemical and/or structural changes. Results show that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), pentachlorophenol (PCP), lindane, and chlorpyrifos were successfully removed. Wool, silk, leather, and non-coated wood did not experience any detectable modifications, while moderate to major modifications were observed in wood coated with shellac and polychromy.     

清末民初戏曲抄本修复案例分析

甘肃省文化艺术研究所从民间收集的清末民初戏曲抄本,经过上百年的流传存在不同程度的老化、絮化、污染、破损等现象,已经无法翻阅。针对每本剧本不同的受损情况,通过认真地分析研讨,制订出不同的修复方案,分别采用水洗去污、挖镶、金镶玉等不同的修复方法,对其中部分抄本进行整理、修复,使其得到了治理性保护。     

命定神话与中国悲剧精神的消解

消解中国悲剧精神的不是真正的大团圆现象，而是文艺的命定神话。这种命定神话是虚假意识形态的产物。     

煤制活性炭的研制及其吸附特性

研究了以烟煤为原料制备颗粒活性炭的工艺过程 ,讨论了原煤炭、活化温度、活化时间、活性炭收率等工艺条件对活性炭吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明 ,煤制活性炭的最佳工艺条件 :粒度 180目 ,筛余量小于3% ,粘结剂用量为原料粉的 30 % ,炭化温度 5 6 0℃ - 6 0 0℃ ,合适活化温度 85 0℃ - 90 0℃。文章还讨论了煤制活性炭去除水污染物的效能及机理     

海洋微藻对海水中有机物的净化作用研究

主要探讨了微藻(塔胞藻)对海水中有机物的净化作用．在其培养液中加入有机物(苯、苯酚和二甲苯),塔胞藻经过一定时间生长繁殖,观察培养液内有机物的含量．结果发现液体内塔胞藻细胞浓度达到104个／mL时,对有机物的净化作用最明显,同时还发现微藻对各种有机物吸附效率各不相同．     

人工湿地在处理污水中的应用研究进展

近年来,全球的水体污染和富营养化现象越来越严重,而对于水资源紧缺的我国,这一现象已严重影响了国民经济的发展.人工湿地是一种目前国际上较多采用的处理污水的工艺.本文较全面地介绍了这些年来应用人工湿地中微生物和植物对污水净化的研究概况,并提出了人工湿地处理污水的应用前景.     

氧化去污技术对档案纸张性能影响的研究

本文以中国传统的宣纸为载体,选择常见的几种氧化去污技术对宣纸上的污点进行了去除,通过对去污前的纸张和去污后经老化的纸张色差测试、pH值、抗张强度、耐折度等性能进行了系统而细致地测试、分析与比较,说明了氧化去污对纸张性能有较大的破坏作用。因此,在去除对纸质档案上的污垢时,应该慎重选用氧化去污方法。结果还说明去污技术应与脱酸技术联合应用,才尽可能对档案纸张性能产生较小影响。