知识融合研究的现状分析及建议

[目的/意义]人类社会在从信息社会向后信息时代过渡的进程中，正在经历从"信息"向"智能"的跨越。在大数据环境和人工智能技术发展的双重因素作用下，知识融合作为知识化和智能化过程中的关键环节，为完善知识服务、智慧服务、催生高级智能形态提供了重要的理论和技术支撑。开展基于全学科视角的知识融合调研，扩展知识融合研究视域，为全面阐释知识融合研究现状，构建统一的知识融合理论研究框架提供借鉴。[方法/过程]本文采用定量与定性结合的文献分析方法，分析不同学科视角下知识融合研究现状，归纳知识融合在不同学科中的主要研究内容和关注的问题、知识融合涉及到的因素、知识融合的应用场景等。[结果/结论]知识融合研究属于多交叉学科领域，概念边界模糊，研究领域分散，目前尚未形成统一的研究框架。本文通过文献调研，在充分总结既往知识融合研究成果的基础上，划分知识融合的研究取向，为知识融合研究提出合理建议。     

Bridging (Identification) divides: Ethnic minority endorsement of new diversity ideologies

In culturally diverse societies, ethnic minorities are faced with the challenge of negotiating between their national and ethnic identification. Diversity ideologies address this challenge in different ways, by prioritizing national identification in the case of assimilation, and ethnic identification in the case of multiculturalism. However, existing research has highlighted the risks and drawbacks of both ideologies, presenting polyculturalism and interculturalism as new alternatives which construe identities as more complex, dynamic, and interconnected between groups. Given that little is known about these ideologies from the minority perspective, the present study investigated their endorsement among ethnic minorities, as well as associations with their ethnic and national identification in the USA. Results show that, in general, pro-diversity ideologies (multiculturalism, interculturalism, and polyculturalism) are all supported by ethnic minorities, in contrast to assimilation. Moreover, ethnic identification is associated with support for multiculturalism, national identification is associated with support for assimilation, and both are associated with polyculturalism. For interculturalism, associations with ethnic and national identification depend on its subcomponents, which seem to address and bring together the other three ideologies. Interculturalism may therefore be a promising way forward to minimize the risks of assimilation, multiculturalism, and polyculturalism, while also maximizing their benefits to minorities and societies at large.     

项目特色视角下的我国图书情报领域知识聚合研究进展

[目的/意义]目前已有多个国家项目围绕知识聚合开展了一系列深入研究。基于各项目已发表论文，以项目为粒度系统化地归纳已有知识聚合研究进展，不仅可以揭示国内主要项目团队的研究特色，还能归纳出知识聚合在研究开展层面上的一般共性。[方法/过程]本文对2011年以来我国图书情报领域涉及知识聚合的国家项目所发的多篇论文进行了比较分析，归纳出9个国家项目在概念关联（含领域本体）、关联数据、分众分类、用户、社会网络分析、文献计量6种视角下的特色。[结果/结论]从研究共性上看，知识聚合的资源、方法及其所依据的知识关联均呈多维化发展，知识聚合所依据的知识关联向领域化与细粒度化发展。     

基于项目和论文多视角的双高群体科研能力评价研究——以井冈山大学为例

针对井冈山大学在岗教授和在岗博士两个科研群体,从主持科研项目、发表科研论文的多视角,围绕职称、学位、年龄等方面,选择国家级科研项目、省部级以上科研项目、各级各类项目和SCI论文等A类论文、CSCD核心库论文等B类以上论文、一般性学术论文等D类以上论文作为统计口径,定量和定性地对井冈山大学双高群体的科研能力进行对比分析,探寻该校开展科学研究工作的特点和优势,以求对学校科学研究的可持续发展提供数据支持。     

我国科技事业中性别比例失衡问题透析

2007年3月7日《我国女性从事科技工作现状研究报告》的发布,使科技界性别比例严重失衡的问题凸显出来。"女性主义"者强烈主张,女性应该在科技界尤其是高层科技群体内实现比例的均衡。但这种主张是建立在狭隘的女性主义基础上的,且存在权利主张主体与受益人错位等认识上的问题。事实上,女性在科技事业中的比例失衡主要是由女性的价值定位、家庭以及科研活动的特点决定的,理性地正视这些问题并采取相应措施才是解决问题的最佳方式。     

全球化视野下和谐社会理念的新认识

和谐社会的提出不仅因由于国内诸多因素,更有深刻的全球化背景,是对错综复杂的国际形势、经济全球化、国际非传统安全挑战、两级分化和南北矛盾等全球化风险的积极应对。是关于西方积极推行其国家意识形态的清醒认识。     

“Gymnasts Are Like Wine,They Get Better With Age”: Becoming and Developing Adult Women’s Artistic Gymnasts

Women’s artistic gymnastics is commonly understood to require early entrance and intense training during childhood. Most gymnasts retire before reaching adulthood. In recent years, the gymnast population at the highest level has “aged.” In this article, we adopt a socio-pedagogical perspective to explore the training contexts, pubertal development, and associated learning 10 older elite gymnasts reported. We develop a cultural perspective of gymnast development and show that transitioning through puberty allowed the gymnasts to extend their careers. Support from their coaches and parents, self-reflective time, and genetic predispositions facilitated the transitioning. Through this, gymnasts gained control over self, body, relationships, and performance. In conclusion, we provide implications for gymnast development practice.     

Development and Use of the Approaches to Teaching Inventory

This paper describes how research into approaches to university teaching, from a relational perspective, has been used to develop an inventory to measure the key aspects of the variation in approaches to teaching. The Approaches to Teaching Inventory (ATI) is one of several that derive from the research perspective applied by Marton and colleagues in Europe (Marton, F., Hounsell, D., and Entwistle, N. (eds.) (1997). The Experience of Learning, 2nd edn., Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh) to student learning. A feature of these inventories is that they measure the response of a group to a particular context, rather than more general characteristics of individuals in that group. Studies using these inventories have consistently shown relations between students' approaches to learning and the quality of their learning outcome. The question of interest to many university teachers is whether there are relations between the way teachers approach their teaching and ways their students approach their learning. This question was answered in a study published in 1999 that used the ATI to show that teacher-focused approaches to teaching were associated with students' reproducing orientations. Subsequent research revealed that in subjects where teachers adopted more student-focused approaches to teaching, their students adopted a deeper approach to learning. Some recent research using the inventory is reviewed along with an analysis of the validity of the ATI. The current version of the inventory is reproduced in this paper.     

现代女性终身学习的发展观

现代信息技术的迅速普及和广泛运用,为我国女性的全面发展创造了优越环境,同时,女性也面对着诸多困难与挑战.解决女性生存与发展问题,必须树立终身学习的科学发展观.     

后现代科学观及其对科学教育观的消极影响

文章介绍了后现代科学观产生的背景、特点及其主要观点，着重分析了后现代科学观对科学教育观的消极影响，并提出当前我国教育改革中对后现代科学观应持有的辨证态度。