内蒙古迪彦钦阿木斑岩钼矿床绿泥石和绿帘石矿物化学特征及其成矿指示意义

迪彦钦阿木矿床位于大兴安岭中段二连浩特-东乌旗多金属成矿带,是区内新近发现的一个超大型斑岩钼矿床.为了厘清蚀变矿物的成分对找矿的指示意义,文章运用电子探针和LA-ICP-MS对迪彦钦阿木矿床青磐岩化带绿帘石亚带的绿泥石和绿帘石的主微量元素成分进行了分析.电子探针数据表明,这些绿泥石属于铁斜绿泥石(辉绿泥石).绿泥石四面体位置置换为AlⅣ对Si的替换,八面体位置置换以Fe-Mg相互置换为主;主量元素除Fe、Mg呈现此消彼长的变化外,其他元素含量变化不大.矿区绿帘石属于普通绿帘石亚族,由热液交代角闪石和斜长石等矿物形成,可分为脉状和浸染状绿帘石,其主量元素含量差别不大.LA-ICP-MS分析结果显示,靠近矿体中心的绿泥石具有较高的近端指示元素(Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Cu、Ga、Sn、Ba)含量以及较高的Ti/Sr、Ti/Pb、V/Ni比值,而离矿体中心较远的绿泥石具有较高的远端指示元素(Li、Na、K、Ni、Sr)含量.绿帘石中成矿金属含量比较低,离矿体中心较远的绿帘石相对富集As、Sb、Pb等元素.此外,绿帘石中w(Cr)、w(Ti)和w(V)以及Ti/Sr和V/Ni的比值随矿体品位的升高而降低.研究表明,迪彦钦阿木矿床绿泥石中w(Ti)、w(V)和w(Ga)及Ti/Sr、Ti/Pb和V/Ni比值,以及绿帘石中w(As)、w(Sb)和w(Pb)具有指示矿化中心的作用,而绿帘石中w(Cr)、w(Ti)和w(V)以及Ti/Sr和V/Ni值可以作为寻找斑岩矿床富矿体的指标.迪彦钦阿木矿床中绿泥石和绿帘石的元素变化主要受流体成分、温度、硫逸度、矿物共生组合等因素影响.文章获得的认识或可应用于其他类似斑岩钼矿床(点)的找矿勘探中.     

陕甘川交界区碧口群的绿帘石及其岩石学意义

绿帘石广泛分布于碧口群的各类变质岩石中,但以变质基性岩(绿片岩和蓝片岩)为主。绿片岩中绿帘石X_(?s)=0.23—0.37,但多为0.30—0.32,在不同样品中绿帘石成分变化很大,但同一样品中绿帘石变化不明显,说明其成分与全岩成分有关。蓝片岩中绿帘石X_(?s)=0.22—0.36,其成分在同一样品中也有很大变化,一般细粒者ps分子少,而粗粒者ps分子多,且常发育环带结构,向中心ps分子减少,说明蓝片岩可能经历了一个以降压为特征的变质过程。此外,该群也偶见绿纤石,但它们均被绿帘石包裹,不能构成独立变质相。     

Stability relations of Mn–Fe–Al piemontite

Abstract Comparison of the stability relations of Fe-piemontite, Pm₁₇Ps₁₇Cz₆₆ (Ca₂Al₂Mn_0.5 Fe_0.5Si₃O₁₂(OH)), with similar experimentally determined results on Pm₃₃Cz₆₇ suggests that, at moderate f_o2, addition of Fe to piemontite raises its thermal stability and slightly decreases its sensitivity to oxygen fugacity. Reversal study of the reaction: Fe-piemontite + quartz = garnet (Gr₃₃Sp₂₇And₄₀) + anorthite + fluid at P_fluid= 2 kbar in cold-seal apparatus using solid oxygen buffers was completed. The data indicated breakdown of Pm₁₇Ps₁₇Cz₆₆ at 645°± 10° C along the Cu₂O–CuO buffer, 477°± 10° C along the Cu–Cu₂O buffer, and 365°± 10° C for the hematite-magnetite buffer. Mn-free clinozoisite and epidote have been shown to be stable to much higher temperatures than piemontite at moderate f_o2 (< Cu–Cu₂O). At very high f_o2, however, the presence of Mn⁺³ in a distorted octahedral site may permit persistence of piemontite to higher temperatures than Mn-poor epidote minerals. The compositional range of natural Fe–Mn–Al piemontites supports these results. Cation partitioning from piemontite-bearing parageneses also indicates crystallization at high f_o2, but application of the cited results should be made with caution. Synthetic phases were too fine-grained for optical or microprobe analysis, and reaction was often incomplete. The assumption that all Fe + Mn was contained in piemontite and garnet, respectively, in the low- and high-temperature assemblages is supported by the cell dimensions for these synthetic minerals, which are close to predicted values. The reaction is pseudo-univariant, as solid solution in garnet and piemontite would be f_o2-dependent in a more complex chemical system. Although bulk rock and fluid compositions may also have a marked effect on the stability of natural epidote–piemontite, f_o2 is the major control on Fe : Mn : Al in epidote minerals.     

滇东南红石岩铅锌铜多金属矿床绿帘石岩 地球化学特征及构造背景

滇东南红石岩矿区处于NW向文山-麻栗坡和SN向马关走滑断裂的交汇处,受区域动力变质作用和深大断裂的影响,矿区内绿帘石岩较为发育。在总结矿床地质特征的基础上,笔者对矿区绿帘石岩的主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素进行了分析。结果表明:绿帘石岩具富FeO*、MnO、CaO,而Al2O3和TiO2含量较低的特征;大离子亲石元素(LILE)、Th富集,Sr、Ta、Nb、Y等元素亏损,显示火山弧玄武岩的特征,微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图呈"隆起"型,高场强元素(HFSE)丰度较低,低场强元素(LFSE)丰度较高,(Rb/Yb)N平均值为31.72≥1,为强不相容元素富集型,稀土元素具有ΣREE较低(平均110.05×10-6)、LREE富集(LREE/HREE平均8.34)的右倾型,轻重稀土分馏较为明显((La/Sm)N均值为4.04,∑Ce/∑Y>3)。综合主量和微量元素分析,认为研究区绿帘石岩的原岩为弧后盆地拉斑玄武岩。     

新疆西天山查岗诺尔铁矿床环带石榴子石和绿帘石的发现及意义

查岗诺尔铁矿是新疆西天山阿吾拉勒铁矿带内的重要大型铁矿床之一。矿体赋存在下石炭统大哈拉军山组安山质火山岩中,与普遍发育的石榴子石化、阳起石化和绿帘石化时空关系密切。石榴子石和绿帘石分属不同热液成矿阶段,它们均发育丰富的环带结构,具体表现为明显地颜色、干涉色、背散射图像及成分（FeO、Al₂O₃、SiO₂、MnO、TiO₂）等差异性。石榴子石具有2个世代、3个类型。早世代石榴子石（Grt1和Grt2）产于块状石榴子石-磁铁矿蚀变岩,呈褐黄色,粒度较细,发育核-边结构,呈非均质性,显示异常干涉色,其核部（Grt1-c）均匀相对富钙铝榴石（Gro_51-53And_41-43Spr_4-8）,而边部（Grt1-r）发育振荡成分环带,总体相对富钙铁榴石（Gro_18-35And_60-77Spr_4-6）;Grt2核部（Grt2-c）呈均质性,为钙铁榴石（And_99-100Spr_0-1）,边部显异常干涉色,发育振荡成分环带,为钙铝铁榴石（Gro_34-54And_38-61Spr_6-9）。晚世代的石榴子石（Grt3）以细脉状或角砾胶结物形式分布,呈红褐色,自形粗粒结构,显非均质性,发育振荡成分环带,端员组分总体以钙铁榴石为主,次为钙铝榴石（Gro_27-43And_50-68Spr_3-8）。石榴子石结构和元素含量变化表明,早期石榴子石形成于弱氧化-氧化、中性-碱性流体体系,其中向边部生长过程,由于新注入流体以及周期性压力汇聚和释放,体系的氧逸度、pH值呈振荡变化;晚期石榴子石形成于弱氧化、弱碱性、动荡的开放流体环境。绿帘石发育3个世代（Ep1、Ep2和Ep3）。Ep1发育核-边结构,核部（Ep1-c）均匀无环带,X_Fe值（X_Fe=Fe³⁺/（Al+Fe³⁺）,原子比值）为0.19~0.21,w（MnO）为0.05%~0.18%,w（TiO₂）为0.10%~0.12%,生长边（Ep1-r）多发育振荡环带,X_Fe值为0.26~0.29,w（MnO）为0.01%~0.14%,w（TiO₂）为0.19%~0.26%。Ep2沿Ep1-r边缘生长,不均匀且经历了溶解-再沉淀过程,X_Fe值为0.15~0.20,w（MnO）为0.42%~1.19%,w（TiO₂）为0.02%~0.07%。Ep3呈柱状或不规则粒状交代Ep2、贴近或穿切Ep1-r生长,较均匀、无环带结构,X_Fe值为0.28~0.37,w（MnO）为0.12%~0.77%,w（TiO₂）为0.02%~0.10%。绿帘石成分变化表明,从Ep1-c到Ep1-r,到Ep2,再到Ep3,流体体系氧逸度经历了先增加,后降低,再升高的变化过程。同时,流体成分也在变化,先从相对贫Ti和Mn向相对富Ti贫Mn演化,而后又变为富Mn贫Ti。因此,在热液磁铁矿矿化阶段,查岗诺尔铁矿的成矿热液的物理-化学环境是不断变化的。研究显示,石榴子石和绿帘石结构和成分研究可以刻画热液成矿系统的流体演化历史。     

Cold subduction of the Neotethys: the metamorphic record from finely banded lawsonite and epidote blueschists and associated metabasalts of the Nagaland Ophiolite Complex,India

In this study, we have deduced the thermal history of the subducting Neotethys from its eastern margin, using a suite of partially hydrated metabasalts from a segment of the Nagaland Ophiolite Complex (NOC), India. Located along the eastern extension of the Indus‐Tsangpo suture zone (ITSZ), the N–S‐trending NOC lies between the Indian and Burmese plates. The metabasalts, encased within a serpentinitic mélange, preserve a tectonically disturbed metamorphic sequence, which from west to east is greenschist (GS), pumpellyite–diopside (PD) and blueschist (BS) facies. Metabasalts in all the three metamorphic facies record prograde metamorphic overprints directly on primary igneous textures and igneous augite. In the BS facies unit, the metabasalts interbedded with marble show centimetre‐ to metre‐scale interlayering of lawsonite blueschist (LBS) and epidote blueschist (EBS). Prograde HP/LT metamorphism stabilized lawsonite + omphacite (X_Jd = 0.50–0.56 to 0.26–0.37) + jadeite (X_Jd = 0.67–0.79) + augite + ferroglaucophane + high‐Si phengite (Si = 3.6–3.65 atoms per formula unit, a.p.f.u.) + chlorite + titanite + quartz in LBS and lawsonite + glaucophane/ferroglaucophane ± epidote ± omphacite (X_Jd = 0.34) + chlorite + phengite (Si = 3.5 a.p.f.u.) + titanite + quartz in EBS at the metamorphic peak. Retrograde alteration, which was pervasive in the EBS, produced a sequence of mineral assemblages from omphacite and lawsonite‐absent, epidote + glaucophane/ferroglaucophane + chlorite + phengite + titanite + quartz through albite + chlorite + glaucophane to lawsonite + albite + high‐Si phengite (Si = 3.6–3.7 a.p.f.u.) + glaucophane + epidote + quartz. In the PD facies metabasalts, the peak mineral assemblage, pumpellyite + chlorite + titanite + phengitic white mica (Si = 3.4–3.5 a.p.f.u.) + diopside appeared in the basaltic groundmass from reacting titaniferous augite and low‐Si phengite, with prehnite additionally producing pumpellyite in early vein domains. In the GS facies metabasalts, incomplete hydration of augite produced albite + epidote + actinolite + chlorite + titanite + phengite + augite mineral assemblage. Based on calculated T–M(H₂O), T–M(O₂) (where M represents oxide mol.%) and P–T pseudosections, peak P–T conditions of LBS are estimated at ~11.5 kbar and ~340 °C, EBS at ~10 kbar, 325 °C and PD facies at ~6 kbar, 335 °C. Reconstructed metamorphic reaction pathways integrated with the results of P–T pseudosection modelling define a near‐complete, hairpin, clockwise P–T loop for the BS and a prograde P–T path with a steep dP/dT for the PD facies rocks. Apparent low thermal gradient of 8 °C km^?1 corresponding to a maximum burial depth of 40 km and the hairpin P–T trajectory together suggest a cold and mature stage of an intra‐oceanic subduction zone setting for the Nagaland blueschists. The metamorphic constraints established above when combined with petrological findings from the ophiolitic massifs along the whole ITSZ suggest that intra‐oceanic subduction systems within the Neotethys between India and the Lhasa terrane/the Karakoram microcontinent were also active towards east between Indian and Burmese plates.     

长乐—南澳构造带泉港临头片麻状英云闪长岩中岩浆绿帘石的发现及其地质意义

岩浆绿帘石能够作为压力计反映岩体侵位深度,进而可估算地壳抬升剥蚀速率及地壳演化历史,因而引起了人们的研究关注。在长乐—南澳构造带泉港临头地段发现了片麻状英云闪长岩中的岩浆绿帘石。该地段是我国当前报道岩浆绿帘石的第5处产出地,但在东南沿海地区尚属首次发现。含岩浆绿帘石的片麻状英云闪长岩形成于早白垩世(K₁),以钙性(C,Peacock碱钙指数)、中钾钙碱性系列(MKCA)、准铝质和弱过铝质、钙碱性系列(CA,Miyashiro SiO₂-FeO^*/MgO)为主,具镁安山岩系列(MA)性质,呈奥长花岗岩演化趋势(Tdj);轻稀土(LREE)较富集,铕负异常不明显;微量元素呈现较大的钽(Ta)、磷(P)和钛(Ti)负异常,显示出造山带火山弧花岗岩的特征。片麻状英云闪长岩中绿帘石岩相学特征显示,黑云母和自形的绿帘石分布于斜长石的隙间,为典型的填间结构;绿帘石与黑云母相互接触、相互包裹,是一起从富水的晚期岩浆中结晶出来的原生矿物,不是交代斜长石的岩浆期后的次生矿物。绿帘石电子探针分析结果显示Ps值为24~29,TiO₂含量均小于0.1%。综合绿帘石岩相学与化学特征知悉,泉港临头片麻状英云闪长岩中的绿帘石为岩浆绿帘石。岩浆绿帘石形成压力约870 MPa,深度为25~32 km,而现今东南沿海陆壳厚度约30 km,据此推测,早白垩世(K₁)时东南沿海陆壳厚度为55~62 km;早白垩世(K₁)之后,地壳可能经历了多次抬升。     

Petrology of ultrahigh-pressure rocks from the southern Su-Lu region, eastern China

Abstract In the Su-Lu ultrahigh- P terrane, eastern China, many coesite-bearing eclogite pods and layers within biotite gneiss occur together with interlayered metasediments now represented by garnet-quartz-jadeite rock and kyanite quartzite. In addition to garnet + omphacite + rutile + coesite, other peak-stage minerals in some eclogites include kyanite, phengite, epidote, zoisite, talc, nyböite and high-Al titanite. The garnet-quartz-jadeite rock and kyanite quartzite contain jadeite + quartz + garnet + rutile ± zoisite ± apatite and quartz + kyanite + garnet + epidote + phengite + rutile ± omphacite assemblages, respectively. Coesite and quartz pseudomorphs after coesite occur as inclusions in garnet, omphacite, jadeite, kyanite and epidote from both eclogites and metasediments. Study of major elements indicates that the protolith of the garnet-quartz jadeite rock and the kyanite quartzite was supracrustal sediments. Most eclogites have basaltic composition; some have experienced variable 'crustal'contamination or metasomatism, and others may have had a basaltic tuff or pyroclastic rock protolith.
The Su-Lu ultrahigh- P rocks have been subjected to multi-stage recrystallization and exhibit a clockwise P-T path. Inclusion assemblages within garnet record a pre-eclogite epidote amphibolite facies metamorphic event. Ultrahigh- P peak metamorphism took place at 700–890° C and P >28 kbar at c . 210–230 Ma. The symplectitic assemblage plagioclase + hornblende ± epidote ± biotite + titanite implies amphibolite facies retrogressive metamorphism during exhumation at c . 180–200 Ma. Metasedimentary and metamafic lithologies have similar P-T paths. Several lines of evidence indicate that the supracrustal rocks were subducted to mantle depths and experienced in-situ ultrahigh- P metamorphism during the Triassic collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons.     

河南省汝阳梅花玉的矿物学特征

梅花玉是一种杏仁状安山岩,产于河南省汝阳县境内。其基质含大量的细条板状低钠长石,具交织结构;斑晶为低钠长石;杏仁体中的矿物成分主要有低钠长石、微斜长石、绿帘石、蠕绿泥石、石英、方解石、磁铁矿等,是一套典型的低温热液矿物组合。利用X射线分析、电子探针分析、红外光谱分析等,对上述矿物从矿物成分、结构状态等方面进行了研究。此外,还对梅花玉进行了显微硬度的测定。     

Pumpellyites and coexisting minerals in different low-grade metamorphic facies of Liguria, Italy

Pumpellyite from four-phase assemblages (pumpellyite + epidote + prehnite + chlorite; pumpellyite + epidote + actinolite + chlorite; pumpellyite + epidote + Na-amphibole + chlorite, together with common excess phases), considered to be low variance in a CaO-(MgO + FeO)-Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃ (+Na₂O + SiO₂+ H₂O) system, have been examined in areas which underwent metamorphism in the prehnite-pumpellyite, pumpellyite-actinolite and low-temperature blueschist facies respectively. The analysed mineral assemblages are compared for nearly constant (basaltic) chemical composition at varying metamorphic grade and for varying chemical composition (basic, intermediate, acidic) at constant metamorphic conditions (low-temperature blueschist facies). In the studied mineral assemblages, coexisting phases approached near chemical equilibrium. At constant (basaltic) bulk rock composition the MgO content of pumpellyite increases, and the X_Fe3+ of both pumpellyite and epidote decreases with increasing metamorphic grade, the Fe³⁺ being preferentially concentrated in epidote. Both pumpellyite and epidote compositions vary with the bulk rock composition at isofacial conditions; pumpellyite becomes progressively enriched in Fe and depleted in Mg from basic to intermediate and acidic bulk rock compositions. The compositional comparison of pumpellyites from high-variance (1–3 phases) assemblages in various bulk rock compositions (basic, intermediate, acidic rocks, greywackes, gabbros) shows that the compositional fields of both pumpellyite and epidote are wide and variable, broadly overlapping the compositional effects observed at varying metamorphic grade in low-variance assemblages. The intrinsic stability of both Fe- and Al-rich pumpellyites extends across the complete range of the considered metamorphic conditions. Element partitioning between coexisting phases is the main control on the mineral composition at different P-T conditions.