2017年8月9日精河6.6级地震前LURR异常时空演化特征

基于加卸载响应比理论，对2017年8月9日新疆精河6.6级地震前加卸载响应比时空演化特征和异常区的孕震积分时程曲线进行分析。结果表明，在精河6.6级地震前，研究区出现了明显的加卸载响应比高值异常区域，异常区呈现环状特征；而且，异常区域随时间逐渐向震源附近迁移，异常演化过程中异常区域内部和周围发生了6次5级以上地震，其中，2次6级地震发生在异常高值减弱过程中，异常峰值到发震的时间分别为11、22个月，大于以往研究的理论发震时间，这可能是受构造应力区域性特征影响的缘故。     

Development of medium-term prediction methods: A case study of the August 14, 2016 Onor (Mw = 5.8) earthquake on Sakhalin

The potential of the load-unload response ratio (LURR) method for medium-term earthquake prediction is studied for Sakhalin Island as an example. An approach to the generation of predicted conditions and assessment of their implementation in real time is considered. The results of a retrospective analysis of other large Sakhalin earthquakes are used for generalization. It is shown that deviations of prediction parameters from specified values are satisfactory for this method. It is recommended that this method be used to compile summaries of medium-term predictions for Sakhalin provided that catalogs are filled as soon as possible.     

Application of Load/Unload Response Ratio in the Study of Seismicity in the Region of Iran

The variation of Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) against time for earthquakes in Kerman Province, Iran, on February 22, 2005, M6.4 and in Lorestan Province, Iran, on March 31, 2006, M6.1, has been calculated and analysed in this paper. The tempo-spatial scanning of LURR in the region of Iran during January 1, 2003 to March 31, 2006 has been conducted, with 1 year as a time-window, 1 month as a time-step, and the comparison of the LURR anomalous regions in 2004 with the actual earthquakes with M≥5.0 in the next year (2005) is also given, which shows that 11 earthquakes with M≥5.0 occurred in LURR anomalous regions while 12 earthquakes with M≥5.0 in LURR regions in 2005. Furthermore, the seismicity in this region is studied by investigating the evolvement of the anomalous LURR regions.     

Increasing critical sensitivity of the Load/Unload Response Ratio before large earthquakes with identified stress accumulation pattern

The Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) method is proposed for short-to-intermediate-term earthquake prediction [Yin, X.C., Chen, X.Z., Song, Z.P., Yin, C., 1995. A New Approach to Earthquake Prediction — The Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) Theory, Pure Appl. Geophys., 145, 701–715]. This method is based on measuring the ratio between Benioff strains released during the time periods of loading and unloading, corresponding to the Coulomb Failure Stress change induced by Earth tides on optimally oriented faults. According to the method, the LURR time series usually climb to an anomalously high peak prior to occurrence of a large earthquake. Previous studies have indicated that the size of critical seismogenic region selected for LURR measurements has great influence on the evaluation of LURR. In this study, we replace the circular region usually adopted in LURR practice with an area within which the tectonic stress change would mostly affect the Coulomb stress on a potential seismogenic fault of a future event. The Coulomb stress change before a hypothetical earthquake is calculated based on a simple back-slip dislocation model of the event. This new algorithm, by combining the LURR method with our choice of identified area with increased Coulomb stress, is devised to improve the sensitivity of LURR to measure criticality of stress accumulation before a large earthquake. Retrospective tests of this algorithm on four large earthquakes occurred in California over the last two decades show remarkable enhancement of the LURR precursory anomalies. For some strong events of lesser magnitudes occurred in the same neighborhoods and during the same time periods, significant anomalies are found if circular areas are used, and are not found if increased Coulomb stress areas are used for LURR data selection. The unique feature of this algorithm may provide stronger constraints on forecasts of the size and location of future large events.     

中国大陆地区中强地震前加卸载响应比异常时间尺度的统计研究

加卸载响应比理论是近年来提出的地震预测方法。本文进行了加卸载响应比异常时间尺度的统计研究，其中包括中国大陆地区5．0～8．1级的部分中强地震共30个震例，并得出加卸载响应比异常的时间尺度与未来地震震级之间的拟合函数。结果表明，地震前加卸载响应比异常的时间尺度与未来地震的震级具有正变关系，即震级越高，地震前加卸载响应比异常的时间尺度越长。根据加卸载响应比异常的时间尺度与震级之间的关系可以估计未来地震的发震时间，同时，可以确定加卸载响应比时空扫描过程中时问长度的大小。     

The evolution characteristics of positive and negative earthquakes before strong quakes in Kanto area and the Hyugo earthquake in Japan

ＴｈｅｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅａｎｄｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓｂｅｆｏｒｅｓｔｒｏｎｇｑｕａｋｅｓｉｎＫａｎｔｏａｒｅａａｎｄｔｈｅＨｙｕｇｏｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｉｎＪａｐａｎＹＵＣＡＮＧＷ...     

关东等地区加卸载响应比的时间变化及其预测意义

计算分析了日本关东，和歌山及兵库地区的加卸载响应比（ｙ）的变化，关东地区近年来所有Ｍ≥６的７个地震及１９９５年１月１７日神户地震，在地震前的一段时间里其ｙ值均显著高于１。这说明加卸载响应比方法也适用于日本的地震预测，和歌山地区近年来Ｙ值接近于１，而关东地区的ｙ值则显著高于１已达２年，据此预测，未来１－２年内，关东地区（或其紧邻地区）有发生６级左右地震的可能，而和歌山地区这种可能性则很小。     

新疆中强地震前加卸载响应比时空演化特征分析与检验

加卸载响应比是一种刻画震源区介质损伤程度的物理学参数,它通过随时间的变化来反映地震孕育的过程来进行地震预测。通过对1990—1999年新疆地区部分中强地震前加卸载响应比时空演化特征进行分析,并基于该理论得到孕震积分的概念应用于震例中。结果表明:中强震震前在震中附近可能存在多个高加卸载响应比值区,它们大致围成椭圆状或环状,地震通常发生在异常高值波动或减弱的过程中;异常峰值至发震时间比理论时间要短,这可能表明新疆地区构造活动剧烈,孕震周期较短。     

加卸载响应比的新进展

本文对此作简要介绍。主要有下三方面：①预测效果好：2004年发生在中国大陆有资料地区的ML≥15级地震共17次,其中15次落入用加卸载响应比方法于2003年底预测的区域内。②通过大量基础研究(包括数值模拟,岩石力学实验及统计细观损伤力学研究),使加卸载响应比理论(LURR)建立在一个比较牢靠的科学基础上。③LURR有很大的潜力和发展空间。未来的发展空间,除预测天然地震外,还可能对矿震、水库地震、滑坡等自然灾害,甚至其它自然系统以致社会系统的灾变作出预测。     

2020年6月26日于田MS6.4地震前Benioff应变和地电场加卸载响应比异常研究

加卸载响应比（Load/Unload Response Ratio，LURR）是根据岩石介质本构关系的动态演化特征提出的地震预测方法。2020年6月26日新疆于田县发生6.4级地震，震前以Benioff应变为响应量观测到明显的LURR高值异常，异常出现于2019年初，持续1年后发生地震，意味着震源区介质的应力状态在2019年发生了明显改变。进一步，以地电场为响应量，计算了距震中280km的和田地电场长、短极距共6个测向的LURR异常时序曲线，结果表明：和田地电场长、短极距的NS向和NW向共4个测向在震前1~3个月出现了LURR异常逐渐增大的同步变化，这种现象可能反映了孕震区介质因微裂隙的产生和扩展导致流体在裂隙中的运移引起的动电效应。综合分析2种不同响应量的LURR异常演化特征，有助于更深入地认知地震孕育过程，更准确地评估地震活动趋势。