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1.
作者报告了300例脑囊虫。对脑囊虫病的CT表现进行了讨论。作者认为;(1)平扫为多发小囊状低密度灶,如囊壁上有高密度点。(2)较大囊状低密度灶,囊壁上有高密度点。(3)平扫为多发局灶性低密度区,增强出现多发结节及环形强化灶。为诊断脑囊虫病有价值的征象。本文还对脑囊虫病的病理及鉴别诊断进行了讨论。 相似文献
2.
宋博楠;王伟;王仁贵;岳云龙 《CT理论与应用研究(中英文)》2025,34(3):485-491
目的:原发性肝静脉型布−加综合征(BCS)与肝窦阻塞综合征(SOS)的临床表现及实验室检查缺乏特异性,影像学表现相似。本研究通过收集BCS及SOS的临床及影像特点,探讨增强CT在两种疾病鉴别诊断的应用。材料与方法:回顾分析经DSA确诊的26例BCS和经肝活检确诊的20例SOS患者的临床及影像资料,比较其差异。结果:BCS患者门脉高压相关表现较明显,肝动脉直径、门脉主干直径及脾静脉增宽程度均超过SOS患者;CT增强扫描16例BCS患者呈现出门脉期以第1肝门及尾状叶为主斑片状强化方式;11例SOS患者门脉期则呈现出以第2肝门为中心的“鸦爪样”不均质强化方式;BCS肝功能损伤相对较轻于SOS患者,SOS患者的碱性磷酸酶增高、总胆固醇增高、白蛋白减低程度较BCS患者相对明显。两者病例影像的共同点是静脉期三支肝静脉不显影或显影纤细。结论:CT平扫及增强检查对BCS和SOS有重要意义,尾状叶体积改变、侧支循环开放程度等都是二者CT鉴别诊断要点,特别是增强CT所示的BCS呈现以第1肝门为中心不均匀强化方式及SOS以第2肝门为中心的不均匀强化方式有助于疾病早期的鉴别诊断。 相似文献
3.
Christophe Béné Louisa Evans David Mills Solomon Ovie Aminu Raji Ahmadu Tafida Amaga Kodio Famory Sinaba Pierre Morand Jacques Lemoalle Neil Andrew 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(4):1173-1184
Resilience thinking is an important addition to the range of frameworks and approaches that can be used to understand and manage complex social–ecological systems like small-scale fisheries. However, it is yet to lead to better environmental or development outcomes for fisheries stakeholders in terms of food security, improved livelihoods and ecological sustainability. This paper takes an empirical approach by focusing on the fundamentals of resilience thinking to evaluate its usefulness in developing relevant management interventions in small-scale fisheries in the Niger River Basin in West Africa. The paper presents the outputs of a participatory assessment exercise where both fishery communities and local experts were involved at two different scales. The resilience frame used was designed to facilitate the identification of socially defined thresholds that help delineate the desirability of the current system configuration and provides a diagnosis framework that tailors management solutions to problems in local context. The analysis highlights some key contributions from resilience thinking to the challenge of diagnosis in small-scale fisheries management in developing countries, as well as important contributions that emerge from taking a pragmatic and critical approach to its application. 相似文献
4.
西北区东部“1998年8月19~20日”暴雨诊断分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1998年8月19~20日,在西太平洋副热带高压东退退北跳的背景下,受500hPa青藏高原中尺度低涡和700hPa东西向切变线影响,甘肃、平西两省南部出现区域性暴雨,物理量诊断分析结果表明,暴雨区700~100hPa是一致上升运动,最大中心在700hPa,700~300hPa为正涡度,正Q矢量涡度中心在500hPa,Q矢量散度自地面到200hPa为副合上升区,中心在500hPa,水汽通量散度的辐合区来自两个地方,主要部分位于青藏高原,其次是来自东侧850~700hPa。 相似文献
5.
Robert Gilmore Pontius Jr 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(3):570-583
The relative operating characteristic (ROC) is a popular statistical method to measure the association between observed and diagnosed presence of a characteristic. The diagnosis of presence or absence depends on whether the value of an index variable is above a threshold. ROC considers multiple possible thresholds. Each threshold generates a two-by-two contingency table, which contains four central entries: hits, misses, false alarms, and correct rejections. ROC reveals for each threshold only two ratios, hits/(hits + misses) and false alarms/(false alarms + correct rejections). This article introduces the total operating characteristic (TOC), which shows the total information in the contingency table for each threshold. TOC maintains desirable properties of ROC, while TOC reveals strictly more information than ROC in a manner that makes TOC more useful than ROC. We illustrate the concepts with an application to land change science. 相似文献
6.
新一代天气雷达技术保障中,发射机高压负载打火导致的综合故障的诊断和定位是比较复杂的,具有故障点多、故障涉及组件多、故障修复时间长等特点,是新一代天气雷达故障维修的难点。依据发射机高压控制和监控信号流程,提出了发射机高压打火组件级故障诊断流程。通过发射机组件级故障诊断流程快速修复发射机高压负载打火综合故障过程,表明发射机高压打火组件级故障诊断流程在雷达维修中具有规范化和适用性维修效果,进一步显示出故障分析诊断流程在新一代天气雷达技术保障中的重要作用。 相似文献
7.
2006年陕西共发生沙尘天气13次,其中4月11日的沙尘天气最为严重,危害最大,这也是陕西近10 a来最为严重的一次沙尘暴天气过程。这次沙尘天气带来一系列的天气演变过程,它持续时间虽然只有8~9 h,但覆盖面积大,影响范围广,全省70%~80%左右的区域都受到了影响。运用FY-2卫星红外云图及MICAPS2.0模式中的数值预报进行分析,发现红外云图呈现出异常状态,高低空形势配合较好,气压梯度、温度梯度密集,狂风突起等状况,试图揭示与解读沙尘天气在发生过程中某些气象因子的特征及其对沙尘天气的影响机理,为今后预报沙尘暴强度和发生区域提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
8.
城市生态环境质量是影响城市景观和居民身心健康的重要因素,环境质量分区是进行生态环境评价的基础性工作。在以往生态环境质量评价中,通常采用单一的环境污染指标,难以全面综合的反应生态环境质量状况。植被的面貌是一定时期内大气、土壤、水分、人类活动综合作用的结果。由于树木有生命而又不能移动,它的健康状态是一定时期因素内,综合地反映其生活环境条件的最好尺度。借鉴国外环境诊断的研究方法,提出“树木活力度”,即树木的枝、叶、梢、树形等各个部位的生长状况和健康程度这一新的综合生态指标,并结合实际,以吉林市为例,对运用这一指标进行城市生态环境质量评价的方法、原理、问题等进行了初步探讨。指出运用树木活力度进行城市生态环境质量分区,具有迅速目测、计算简便,快速经济的特点,是当前较为流行的一种景观诊断的简便易行的方法。 相似文献
9.
10.
In this paper, the numerical simulation bias of the non-hydrostatic version GRAPES-Meso (Mesoscale of the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System) at the resolution of 0.18o for a torrential rain case, which happened in May 31st to June 1st 2005 over Hunan province, are diagnosed and investigated by using the radiosondes, intensive surface observation, and the operational global analysis data, and the sensitivity experimental results as well. It is shown in the result that the GRAPES-Meso could reproduce quite well the main features of large-cale circulation and the distribution of the accumulated 24h precipitation and the key locations of the torrential rainfall are captured reasonably well by the model. However, bias exist in the simulation of the mesoscale features of the torrential rain and details of the relevant systems, for example, the simulated rainfall that is too earlier in model integration and remarkable underprediction of the peak value of rainfall rates over the heaviest rainfall region, the weakness of the upper jet simulation and the overprediction of the south-west wind in the lower troposphere etc. The investigation reveals that the sources of the simulation bias are different. The erroneous model rainfall in the earlier integration stage over the heaviest rainfall region is induced by the model initial condition bias of the wind field at about 925hPa over the torrential rainfall region, where the bias grow rapidly and spread upward to about 600hPa level within the few hours into the integration and result in abnormal convergence of the wind and moisture, and thus the unreal rainfall over that region. The large bias on the simulated rainfall intensity over the heaviest rainfall region might be imputed to the following combined factors of (1) the simulation bias on the strength and detailed structures of the upper-level jet core which bring about significant underpredictions of the dynamic conditions (including upper-level divergence and the upward motion) for heavy rainfall due to unfavorable mesoscale vertical coupling between the strong upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence; and (2) the inefficient coupling of the cumulous parameterization scheme and the explicit moisture in the integration, which causes the failure of the explicit moisture scheme in generating grid-scale rainfall in a certain extent through inadequate convective adjustment and feedback to the grid-scale. In addition, the interaction of the combined two factors could form a negative feedback to the rainfall intensity simulation, and eventually lead to the obvious underprediction of the rainfall rate. 相似文献