Reconstruction of Conceptual Prediction Model for the Three Rainfall Patterns in the summer of eastern China under global warming

With the influence of global warming,the global climate has undergone significant inter-decadal variation since the late 1970s.Although El Nio-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)has been the strongest signal for predicting global climate inter-annual variability,its relation with the summer rainfall in China has significantly changed,and its indicative function on the summer rainfall in China has weakened.This has led to a significant decrease in the accuracy rate of early conceptual prediction models for the Three Rainfall Patterns in the summer of eastern China.On the basis of the difference analysis of atmospheric circulation system configuration in summer,as well as the interaction of ocean and atmospheric in previous winter between two phases,i.e.before and after the significant global warming(1951 to 1978 and 1979 to 2012,respectively),we concluded that(1)Under different inter-decadal backgrounds,the atmospheric circulations that impacted the Three Rainfall Patterns in the summer of eastern China showed consistency,but in the latter phase of the global warming,the Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH)was on the strong side,the position of which was in the south,and the blocking high in the Eurasia mid-high latitudes was active,while the polar vortex extended to the south,and meridional circulation intensified.This circulation background may have been conducive to the increase of the circulation frequency of Patterns II and III,and the decrease of the circulation frequency of Pattern I,thus leading to more Patterns II and III and fewer Pattern I in the summer rainfall of eastern China.(2)In the former phase,the corresponding previous winter SST fields of different rainfall patterns showed visible differences.The impact of ENSO on North Pacific Oscillation(NPO)was great,and the identification ability of which on Patterns I and II of summer rainfall was effective.In the latter phase,this identification ability decreased,while the impact of ENSO on the Pacific/North American(PNA)teleconnection pattern increased,and the identification ability of the PNA on Patterns II and III also increased.Based on the new inter-decadal climate background,this study reconstructs the conceptual prediction model for the Three Rainfall Patterns in summer of eastern China by using the previous winter PNA and the Eurasian(EU)teleconnection indexes.The fitting effect was satisfying,though it is necessary to be further tested.     

The Asymmetric Atmospheric Response to the Decadal Variability of Kuroshio Extension during Winter

The Kuroshio extension(KE)exhibits interdecadal variability,oscillating from a stable state to an unstable state.In this paper,ERA-Interim reanalysis data are used to discuss the possible reasons for the asymmetric response of the atmosphere to symmetric sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA)during periods of differential KE states.The analysis has the following results:the SSTA presents a nearly symmetrical distribution with opposite signs during the KE stable and unstable periods.During the KE stable period,the storm track is located north of 40°N and is significantly enhanced in the northeast Pacific Ocean.The atmospheric response is similar to the West Pacific/North Pacific Oscillation teleconnection(WP/NPO like pattern)and presents a barotropic structure.The inversion results of the potential vorticity equation show that the feedback of transient eddy vorticity manifests a WP/NPO like pattern and presents a barotropic structure,which is the main reason for bringing about the response of the WP/NPO like pattern.The magnitude of the feedbacks of both diabatic heating and transient eddy heating is small,which can offset one another.During the KE unstable period,the main body of the storm track is located to the south of 40°N,and there is no significant response signal in the atmosphere,except near the west coast of North America.Compared with the KE stable period,the asymmetry of response of the transient eddy vorticity is the main reason for the asymmetric response of the atmosphere.     

The NPO/ NAO and interdecadal climate variation in China

This article discusses the interannual variation of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), its relationship with the interdecadal climate variation in China which is associated with the climate jump in the Northern Hemisphere in the 1960’s, using the data analyses. It is clearly shown that both the amplitudes of the NAO and NPO increase obviously in the 1960’s and the main period of the oscillations changes from 3-4 years before the 1960’s to 8-15 years after the 1960’s. Therefore, interdecadal climate variation in China or the climate jump in the 1960’s is closely related to the anomalies of the NAO and NPO.     

北太平洋涛动区500 hPa高度场季节变化特征及其对中国东北区降水的影响

利用国家气候中心1960~2000年500 hPa高度场10°×5°经纬度月平均资料，采用EOF、SVD方法，分析了北太平洋涛动区（25°~70°N，140°E~150°W）500 hPa高度场季节变化特征和中国东北区80个测站降水场相关。结果表明:（1）北太平洋涛动区500 hPa高度场冬季EOF第1载荷向量场呈由北向南的“-，+”波列分布，这种北南分布相反型，占总体方差贡献的40%，可以表现为北低南高，类似地面气压场涛动 (NPO) 的正位相阶段，反映了40年北太平洋中高纬度上空以东亚大槽为定常波的大气环流基本模态，亦是NPO呈正位相阶段的主要成因，反之，类似地面气压场涛动（NPO）的负位相阶段，第2载荷向量场呈整体“+”值分布，占方差贡献28%，该模态则表现为东亚大槽被长波脊替代的与气候基本模态呈相反分布的异常环流型；夏季第1载荷向量场基本模态则为全区的正值分布，占总体方差贡献的30%，第3载荷向量呈北“+”南“-”的分布，占方差贡献的13%，表明夏季500 hPa高度场NPO不是主要模态；春秋两季均呈现出较为明显的NPO模态；（2）北太平洋涛动区500 hPa高度冬季平均场与东北区夏季降水场呈由北向南的“+，-”相关波列，存在显著的相关性（α＞0.01）, 第1对SVD奇异向量占总方差贡献的49%，当NPO区前冬500 hPa高度场呈负位相阶段时，东北区夏季降水偏多，反之，东北区夏季干旱少雨，其它季节亦有类似隔季相关关系。     

北太平洋涛动的季节演变及其与我国冬春气候异常的联系

本文利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和我国160站的观测资料,首先定义了季节平均的北太平洋涛动(NPO)指数,在此基础上分析了不同季节中NPO的时空变化特征,特别对冬季和春季NPO与我国气温、降水异常的关系作了研究.结果表明,作为北太平洋地区海平面气压(SLP)年际变化的第二模态,NPO具有相当正压的结构,在地面表现为...     

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) has been described by some as a long-lived El Niño-like pattern of Pacific climate variability, and by others as a blend of two sometimes independent modes having distinct spatial and temporal characteristics of North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability. A growing body of evidence highlights a strong tendency for PDO impacts in the Southern Hemisphere, with important surface climate anomalies over the mid-latitude South Pacific Ocean, Australia and South America. Several independent studies find evidence for just two full PDO cycles in the past century: “cool” PDO regimes prevailed from 1890–1924 and again from 1947–1976, while “warm” PDO regimes dominated from 1925–1946 and from 1977 through (at least) the mid-1990's. Interdecadal changes in Pacific climate have widespread impacts on natural systems, including water resources in the Americas and many marine fisheries in the North Pacific. Tree-ring and Pacific coral based climate reconstructions suggest that PDO variations—at a range of varying time scales—can be traced back to at least 1600, although there are important differences between different proxy reconstructions. While 20th Century PDO fluctuations were most energetic in two general periodicities—one from 15-to-25 years, and the other from 50-to-70 years—the mechanisms causing PDO variability remain unclear. To date, there is little in the way of observational evidence to support a mid-latitude coupled air-sea interaction for PDO, though there are several well-understood mechanisms that promote multi-year persistence in North Pacific upper ocean temperature anomalies.     

Impacts of Polar Vortex, NPO, and SST Configurations on Unusually Cool Summers in Northeast China. Part I: Analysis and Diagnosis

This study unveils the evolution of two major early signals in the North Pacific atmosphere-ocean system that heralded abnormal high-pressure blockings and cold-vortex activities across Northeast China,based on an analysis of the configurations of major modes including the polar vortex,the North Pacific Oscillation(NPO),and SST in the preceding winter and spring and atmospheric low-frequency disturbances in Northeast China.We analyzed these aspects to understand the atmosphere-ocean physical coupling processes characterized by the two early signals,and here we explain the possible mechanisms through which dipole circulation anomalies affect the summer low-temperature processes in Northeast China.We further analyzed the interdecadal variation background and associated physical processes of the two early signals.