青海湖南部近57年大风日数的变化特征

为了更好地剖析青海湖南部大风日数的演变特征，笔者利用青海湖南部共和县气象局1961—2017 年的大风日数观测资料，采用线性倾向估计、M-K突变分析、滑动平均等方法，对大风日数的年代际、年际和季节变化趋势进行分析。结果表明：（1）自1961 年以来该地大风日数随年份的延长呈显著减少趋势，每10 年减少2.0 天；（2）共和地区春、夏、秋、冬四季大风日数均呈现出减少趋势，大风日数的减少幅度大小依次是：春季＞夏季＞秋季＞冬季，其中春季和夏季大风日数的减少趋势显著；（3）突变分析表明，春、夏、秋、冬四季大风日数未发生突变，年大风日数在1975 年发生了由多到少的突变。对于防灾减灾，合理利用气候资源，改善生态环境很有价值。     

基于宗族文化视角的徽州传统村落景观研究

在徽州历史上，宗族不断繁衍壮大，宗族文化深入人心，徽州传统村落景观的形成和发展与此有着密切的关联，尤其是村内的宗族建筑、村落格局、街巷空间、建筑空间等都受此影响。在宗族文化视角下，村落景观提升面临着物质载体受损、传统文化消亡等现实困境。应坚持整体性与原真性、动态性与持续性原则，注重宗族文化资源在空间层次、物质形态、非物质文化等方面的有机转化，最终实现传统村落景观的有机提升。     

物种多样性研究进展

根据近期国内外文献，综述了物种多样性的概念、本质、产生、测度方法及研究现状，讨论了物种多样性研究过程中存在的一些问题，解释了那些看似矛盾的研究结论，指出了以后的研究方向。     

降低471QE发动机排气温度的试验研究

分析了造成471QE发动机排气温度高的原因,提出对471QE发动机气缸盖改进设计的技术措施,并进行有针对性的试验研究。通过试验分析得出了燃烧室容积、点火提前角、燃烧室结构和气缸盖冷却水道内表面粗糙度对发动机排气温度的影响程度。     

Asymmetric Exhaustive Service Polling System with Bernoulli Feedback

This paper studies asymmetric exhaustive service polling system with Bernoulli feedback,gives the distributions of queue lengths and sojoun times,and obtains some other results,in stationary condition.     

The Importance of the Bolivian Wild Potato Species in Breeding for Globodera pallida Resistance

Screening for resistance to the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, in potatoes from. Bolivia, was carried out in 1983 and 1984, using a mixture of four nematode populations representing pathotypes Pa₁, Pa₂ and Pa₃ From the 66 accessions of 17 species and subspecies evaluated, highly resistant genotypes were identified in 21 accessions from seven species. All had Pf/Pi values of 2 or less, whereas the susceptible control, Solanum tuberosum cv. ‘Disiree’ had Pf/Pi values of more than 2G in both tests. Two diploid wild species, S. brevicaule and S. leptophyes, showed the best resistant. The geographical distributional of resistant populations and the evolution of resistance in wild potato populations are discussed.     

The nature of the Bolivian weed potato species Solanum sucrense Hawkes

Summary Two theories for the origin of the Bolivian weed potato species Solanum sucrense Hawkes have been tested. The first was that it had an allopolyploid origin as a hybrid of the cultivated tetraploid S. tuberosum ssp. andigena (Juz. et Buk.) Hawkes with the wild/weed tetraploid cytotype of S. oplocense Hawkes. The second hypothesis postulated that it was a cross of the weed diploid species S. sparsipilum (Bitt.) Juz. et Buk. with S. oplocense.Synthetic hybrids of S. tuberosum ssp. andigena x S. oplocense and of S. sparsipilum x S. oplocense have been compared morphologically with S. sucrense accessions. Their crossability has also been investigated.The crossability and morphological studies strongly suggested that the former hypothesis was the more likely. This was borne out by observations made on the 1974 University of Birmingham Expedition when segregating populations of S. sucrense and S. oplocense were collected growing with feral S. tuberosum ssp. andigena.The evidence from this study indicates that the S. tuberosum ssp. andigena x S. oplocense hybrid has formed the basis of the S. sucrense gene pool. It is suggested that this hybridogenic taxon be maintained under the name Solanum x sucrense.The clarification of the taxonomic relationships of these three species will be of interest to Globodera resistance breeders, in view of the fact that these taxa are resistant to various pathotypes of the golden nematode.     

The tyranny of taste: the case of organic rice in Cambodia

Fair-trade and organic products are often sold at price premiums justified by smaller production volumes that are associated with greater social and environmental responsibility. The consumption of these products confers on the consumer a greater sense of morality – and usually a claim to better taste. This paper tells the story of attempts to promote organic/fair-trade rice production by de facto organic Cambodian farmers for export to North American and European markets in order to assist poor farmers to trade their way out of poverty. It demonstrates that instead of promoting sustainable agriculture and fair trade between developed and developing markets, organic/fair-trade projects may impose First World consumer ideals and tastes that are out of step with the larger realities of agrarian transition in Cambodia and the wider region of developing Southeast Asia.     

我国棉花枯萎病基础研究概况

本文主要介绍了７０年代以来，我国在棉花枯萎病基础研究方面取得的成绩，并探讨了今后的发展趋向和存在的问题。     

Harmonisation, standardisation for soil and sediment fractionation studies, and usefulness in assessment and risk management

Single and sequential extraction procedures are often used to study the environmental fate of trace elements from soils and sediments. Although these schemes are quite popular, they are prone to various sources of errors, which require them to be thoroughly controlled. Owing to their operationally-defined character, the only way to compare analytical data is to stick closely to procedures that have been collaboratively studied and written in the form of an operating protocol. Groups of scientists have hence developed ‘harmonised’ procedures that are used as a reference for fractionation studies. A higher level is the formal standardisation of the procedures by official standardisation bodies, which also fulfils the need for achieving the comparability of data obtained by different laboratories from different countries. This paper discusses aspects of harmonisation (consensus obtained by groups of scientists) and standardisation (adoption of standards as mandated by an international organisation) as applied to single and extraction schemes for trace element fractionation studies, including quality control aspects.